Tech
Pre-fatigue training technique doubles the performance of high-strength steel
A NIMS research team has discovered that the fatigue limit of steel is improved by prior cyclic deformation (fatigue) training. Based on this finding, the research team developed a novel pre-fatigue training technique, which successfully doubled the fatigue limit of high-strength steel by suppressing crack initiation.
This strategy offers a versatile approach to improving the fatigue limit in general steels, providing an effective alternative to tempering heat treatment that inevitably sacrifices tensile strength. The research is published in Advanced Science.
Fatigue limit—the stress level below which a material can endure for an infinite or sufficiently large number of loading cycles without failure—increases proportionally with tensile strength in steels. However, when the tensile strength exceeds 1.4 GPa (gigapascals), further increases in the tensile strength do not improve or rather decrease the fatigue limit, that is, the fatigue limit ceiling. In addition, martensitic steel, a representative high-strength steel, generally exhibits a low fatigue limit in the as-quenched state with the highest strength level.
As a result, before practical applications, martensitic steels are typically tempered to improve fatigue performance, sacrificing the strength level. The detailed mechanism behind the fatigue limit ceiling remains unclear, and there has been a strong demand for materials design strategies to overcome the ceiling.
Key findings
The research team successfully doubled the fatigue limit of as-quenched martensitic steel with a tensile strength of 1.6 GPa, thereby overcoming the fatigue limit ceiling. This was achieved through pre-fatigue training, which was performed under the loading condition that did not cause crack initiation.
In-depth analysis revealed that the predominant factor of fatigue crack initiation in high-strength steels is the elastic misfit—i.e., the elastic strain mismatch in the loading direction—at grain boundaries. This study is the first in the world to demonstrate that fatigue deformation, conventionally considered harmful, can suppress the above crack initiation mechanism.

Future outlook
Unlike tempering heat treatment, the pre-fatigue training improves the fatigue limit with minimal reduction in tensile strength, making it a promising approach applicable to general high-strength steels. In addition, this study demonstrated that suppressing crack initiation, rather than the conventionally focused crack termination, is the key to improving the fatigue limit of high-strength steels.
The research team further aims to develop this “microstructural design strategy for crack-initiation-resistant materials” and apply it to fracture phenomena in a wide range of materials, including steels, which significantly contributes to making the social implementation of ultra-high-strength materials become more feasible.
This study was conducted by a research team consisting of Kazuho Okada (Senior Researcher, Steel Research Group (SRG), Research Center for Structural Materials (RCSM), NIMS), Kaneaki Tsuzaki (former Research Fellow, SRG, RCSM, NIMS), Eri Nakagawa (Ph.D. student, SRG, RCSM, NIMS), and Akinobu Shibata (Distinguished Leader, SRG, RCSM, NIMS).
More information:
Kazuho Okada et al, Fatigue Limit Doubling in High-Strength Martensitic Steel through Crack Embryo Engineering–Cyclic-Training-Driven Self-Optimization, Advanced Science (2025). DOI: 10.1002/advs.202504165
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Tech
Cyber body ISC2 signs on as UK software security ambassador | Computer Weekly
ISC2, the non-profit cyber professional membership association, has joined the UK government’s recently launched Software Security Ambassador Scheme as an expert adviser.
Set up at the beginning of the year by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT), the scheme forms part of a wider £210m commitment by Westminster to remodel approaches to public sector cyber resilience from the ground up, acknowledging that previous approaches to the issue have basically gone nowhere and that previously set targets for resilience are unachievable.
It is designed to incentivise organisations to pay more attention to the security of software products, and supports the wider adoption of the Software Security Code of Practice, a set of voluntary principles defining what secure software looks like.
ISC2 joins a number of tech suppliers, including Cisco, Palo Alto Networks and Sage; consultancies and service providers including Accenture and NCC Group; and financial services firms including Lloyds Banking Group and Santander. Fellow cyber association ISACA is also involved.
“Promoting secure software practices that strengthen the resilience of systems underpinning the economy, public services and national infrastructure is central to ISC2’s mission,” said ISC2’s executive vice-president for advocacy and strategic engagement, Tara Wisniewski.
“The code moves software security beyond narrow compliance and elevates it to a board-level resilience priority. As supply chain attacks continue to grow in scale and impact, a shared baseline is essential and through our global community and expertise, ISC2 is committed to helping professionals build the skills needed to put secure-by-design principles into practice,” she said.
Software vulns a huge barrier to resilience
A study of wider supply chain risks conducted last year by ISC2 found that a little over half of organisations worldwide reported that vulnerabilities in their software suppliers’ products represented the most disruptive cyber security threat to their overall supply chain.
And the World Economic Forum’s (WEF’s) Global Cybersecurity Outlook report, published on 12 January, revealed that third-party and supply chain vulnerabilities were seen as a huge barrier to building cyber resilience by C-suite executives.
A total of 65% of respondents to the WEF’s annual poll flagged such flaws as the greatest challenge their organisation faced on its pathway to resilience, compared to 54% at the beginning of 2025. This outpaced factors such as the evolving threat landscape and emerging AI technology, use of legacy IT systems, regulatory compliance and governance, and cyber skills shortages.
Pressed on the top supply chain cyber risks, respondents were most concerned about their ability to assure the integrity of software and other IT services, ahead of a lack of visibility into their supplier’s supply chains and overdependence on critical third-party suppliers.
The UK’s Code of Practice seeks to answer this challenge by establishing expectations and best practices for tech providers and any other organisations that either develop, sell or buy software products. It covers aspects such as secure design and development, the security of build environments, deployment and ongoing upkeep, and transparent communication with customers and users.
As part of its role as an ambassador, ISC2 will assist in developing and improving the Code of Practice, while championing it by embedding its guiding principles into its own cyber education and professional development services – the organisation boasts 10,000 UK members and associates.
It will also help to drive adoption of the Code of Practice through various awareness campaigns, incorporating it into its certifications, training and guidance, engaging with industry stakeholders and members to encourage implementation, and incorporating its provisions into its work with its own commercial suppliers.
Tech
Asus Made a Split Keyboard for Gamers—and Spared No Expense
The wheel on the left side has options to adjust actuation distance, rapid-trigger sensitivity, and RGB brightness. You can also adjust volume and media playback, and turn it into a scroll wheel. The LED matrix below it is designed to display adjustments to actuation distance but feels a bit awkward: Each 0.1 mm of adjustment fills its own bar, and it only uses the bottom nine bars, so the screen will roll over four times when adjusting (the top three bars, with dots next to them, illuminate to show how many times the screen has rolled over during the adjustment). The saving grace of this is that, when adjusting the actuation distance, you can press down any switch to see a visualization of how far you’re pressing it, then tweak the actuation distance to match.
Alongside all of this, the Falcata (and, by extension, the Falchion) now has an aftermarket switch option: TTC Gold magnetic switches. While this is still only two switches, it’s an improvement over the singular switch option of most Hall effect keyboards.
Split Apart
Photograph: Henri Robbins
The internal assembly of this keyboard is straightforward yet interesting. Instead of a standard tray mount, where the PCB and plate bolt directly into the bottom half of the shell, the Falcata is more comparable to a bottom-mount. The PCB screws into the plate from underneath, and the plate is screwed onto the bottom half of the case along the edges. While the difference between the two mounting methods is minimal, it does improve typing experience by eliminating the “dead zones” caused by a post in the middle of the keyboard, along with slightly isolating typing from the case (which creates fewer vibrations when typing).
The top and bottom halves can easily be split apart by removing the screws on the plate (no breakable plastic clips here!), but on the left half, four cables connect the top and bottom halves of the keyboard, all of which need to be disconnected before fully separating the two sections. Once this is done, the internal silicone sound-dampening can easily be removed. The foam dampening, however, was adhered strongly enough that removing it left chunks of foam stuck to the PCB, making it impossible to readhere without using new adhesive. This wasn’t a huge issue, since the foam could simply be placed into the keyboard, but it is still frustrating to see when most manufacturers have figured this out.
Tech
These Sub-$300 Hearing Aids From Lizn Have a Painful Fit
Don’t call them hearing aids. They’re hearpieces, intended as a blurring of the lines between hearing aid and earbuds—or “earpieces” in the parlance of Lizn, a Danish operation.
The company was founded in 2015, and it haltingly developed its launch product through the 2010s, only to scrap it in 2020 when, according to Lizn’s history page, the hearing aid/earbud combo idea didn’t work out. But the company is seemingly nothing if not persistent, and four years later, a new Lizn was born. The revamped Hearpieces finally made it to US shores in the last couple of weeks.
Half Domes
Photograph: Chris Null
Lizn Hearpieces are the company’s only product, and their inspiration from the pro audio world is instantly palpable. Out of the box, these look nothing like any other hearing aids on the market, with a bulbous design that, while self-contained within the ear, is far from unobtrusive—particularly if you opt for the graphite or ruby red color scheme. (I received the relatively innocuous sand-hued devices.)
At 4.58 grams per bud, they’re as heavy as they look; within the in-the-ear space, few other models are more weighty, including the Kingwell Melodia and Apple AirPods Pro 3. The units come with four sets of ear tips in different sizes; the default mediums worked well for me.
The bigger issue isn’t how the tip of the device fits into your ear, though; it’s how the rest of the unit does. Lizn Hearpieces need to be delicately twisted into the ear canal so that one edge of the unit fits snugly behind the tragus, filling the concha. My ears may be tighter than others, but I found this no easy feat, as the device is so large that I really had to work at it to wedge it into place. As you might have guessed, over time, this became rather painful, especially because the unit has no hardware controls. All functions are performed by various combinations of taps on the outside of either of the Hearpieces, and the more I smacked the side of my head, the more uncomfortable things got.
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