Business
Renewables overtake coal as world’s biggest source of electricity
Justin RowlattClimate Editor
AFP via Getty ImagesRenewable energy overtook coal as the world’s leading source of electricity in the first half of this year – a historic first, according to new data from the global energy think tank Ember.
Electricity demand is growing around the world but the growth in solar and wind was so strong it met 100% of the extra electricity demand, even helping drive a slight decline in coal and gas use.
However, Ember says the headlines mask a mixed global picture.
Developing countries, especially China, led the clean energy charge but richer nations including the US and EU relied more than before on planet-warming fossil fuels for electricity generation.
This divide is likely to get more pronounced, according to a separate report from the International Energy Agency (IEA). It predicts renewables will grow much less strongly than forecast in the US as a result of the policies of President Donald Trump’s administration.
Coal, a major contributor to global warming, was still the world’s largest individual source of energy generation in 2024, a position it has held for more than 50 years, according to the IEA.
China remains way ahead in clean energy growth, adding more solar and wind capacity than the rest of the world combined. This enabled the growth in renewable generation in China to outpace rising electricity demand and helped reduce its fossil fuel generation by 2%.
India experienced slower electricity demand growth and also added significant new solar and wind capacity, meaning it too cut back on coal and gas.
In contrast, developed nations like the US, and also the EU, saw the opposite trend.
In the US, electricity demand grew faster than clean energy output, increasing reliance on fossil fuels, while in the EU, months of weak wind and hydropower performance led to a rise in coal and gas generation.
In a separate report the IEA has halved its forecast for the growth of renewable energy in the US this decade. Last year, the agency predicted the US would add 500GW of new renewable capacity – mostly from solar and wind – by 2030. That has been cut that back to 250GW.
The IEA analysis represents the most thorough assessment to date of the impact the Trump administration’s policies are having on global efforts to transition to cleaner energy sources and underscores the dramatically different approach of the US and China.
As China’s clean tech exports surge, the US is focusing on encouraging the world buy more of its oil and gas.
Getty Images‘Crucial’ turning point
Despite these regional differences, Ember calls this moment a “crucial turning point”.
Ember senior analyst Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka said it “marks the beginning of a shift where clean power is keeping pace with demand growth”.
Solar power delivered the lion’s share of growth, meeting 83% of the increase in electricity demand. It has now been the largest source of new electricity globally for three years in a row.
Most solar generation (58%) is now in lower-income countries, many of which have seen explosive growth in recent years.
That’s thanks to spectacular reductions in cost. Solar has seen prices fall a staggering 99.9% since 1975 and is now so cheap that large markets for solar can emerge in a country in the space of a single year, especially where grid electricity is expensive and unreliable, says Ember.
Pakistan, for example, imported solar panels capable of generating 17 gigawatts (GW) of solar power in 2024, double the previous year and the equivalent of roughly a third of the country’s current electricity generation capacity.
Africa is also experiencing a solar boom with panel imports up 60% year on year, in the year to June. Coal-heavy South Africa led the way, while Nigeria overtook Egypt into second place with 1.7GW of solar generating capacity – that’s enough to meet the electricity demand of roughly 1.8m homes in Europe.
Some smaller African nations have seen even more rapid growth with Algeria increasing imports 33-fold, Zambia eightfold and Botswana sevenfold.
In some countries the growth of solar has been so rapid it is creating unexpected challenges.
In Afghanistan, widespread use of solar-powered water pumps is lowering the water table, threatening long-term access to groundwater. A study by Dr David Mansfield and satellite data firm Alcis warns that some regions could run dry within five to ten years, endangering millions of livelihoods.
Adair Turner, chair of the UK’s Energy Transitions Commission, says countries in the global “sun belt” and “wind belt” face very different energy challenges.
Sun belt nations – including much of Asia, Africa, and Latin America – need large amounts of electricity for daytime air conditioning. These countries can significantly reduce energy costs almost immediately by adopting solar-based systems, supported by increasingly affordable batteries that store energy from day to night.
Wind belt countries like the UK face tougher obstacles, however. Wind turbine costs have not come down by anything like as much as solar panels – down just a third or so in the last decade. Higher interest rates have also added to borrowing costs and raised the overall price of installing wind farms significantly in the last few years.
Balancing supply is harder too: winter wind lulls can last for weeks, requiring backup power sources that batteries alone can’t provide – making the system more expensive to build and run.
But wherever you are in the world, China’s overwhelming dominance in clean tech industries remains unchallenged, other new data from Ember shows.
In August 2025, its clean tech exports hit a record $20bn, driven by surging sales of electric vehicles (up 26%) and batteries (up 23%). Together, China’s electric vehicles and batteries are now worth more than twice the value of its solar panel exports.

Business
Major UK supermarket to stop selling mackerel in coming weeks
Waitrose is set to remove mackerel from its shelves amid escalating concerns over unsustainable fishing practices.
The retailer said that it is the first major UK supermarket to suspend sourcing of the popular fish.
It said that fresh, chilled, and frozen mackerel, primarily sourced from Scottish waters, will be unavailable to shoppers by 29 April. Tinned varieties will follow once the current stock is depleted.
Conservationists are welcoming the move and urging other supermarkets to follow suit.
The measure comes as governments have repeatedly failed to implement catch limits recommended by scientists, jeopardising the long-term viability of mackerel stocks.
The International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has issued stark warnings, advising a 70 per cent reduction in catches for 2026 across all regional mackerel stocks compared to 2025’s recommended levels.
With the stock consistently fished above sustainable thresholds, this translates to a 77 per cent cut on the 755,143 tonnes scientists estimated would be caught in 2025.
Overfishing has resulted in depleting mackerel stocks in the north-east Atlantic, with Ices saying the species, and the wider fishing industry, could face long-term risks unless countries stick to recommended catch limits.
Waitrose said the decision in December by four of the coastal states which fish mackerel to cut catches by 48 per cent was a step forward, but did not meet Ices advice.
North-east Atlantic mackerel will no longer meet the supermarket’s responsible sourcing requirements in line with the Sustainable Seafood Coalition codes of conduct, the retailer said.
Jake Pickering, head of agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries at Waitrose, said: “By suspending sourcing of mackerel at Waitrose we are reinforcing our ethical and sustainable business commitments, acting to tackle overfishing and protect the long-term health of our oceans and this crucial fish.
“Our customers trust us to source responsibly, and we are closely monitoring the fishery.
“We look forward to bringing mackerel back to our shelves once it meets our high sourcing standards.”
As alternatives, Waitrose is launching a new range of fish products including hot smoked herring, hot smoked peppered herring and hot smoked sweetcure seabass, all of which are Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certified.
The retailer said it would also introduce MSC-certified frozen sardines from May as a sustainable replacement for frozen mackerel, and plans to become the first retailer to sell 100 per cent MSC tinned sardines.
Waitrose said it would maintain its relationship with its mackerel suppliers and its new supply of herring, seabass, sardines and trout will be sourced through current supplier partnerships.
But there is currently no predetermined time-frame as to when Waitrose will start sourcing mackerel again.
Marija Rompani, director of ethics and sustainability at the John Lewis Partnership, said: “We believe sustainable food production must balance climate action, nature protection and responsible fish sourcing is fundamental to protecting our oceans.
“We will continue to work closely with suppliers and industry partners to support the recovery and responsible management of fish stocks.”
Charles Clover, co-founder of conservation charity Blue Marine Foundation, said mackerel – one of the largest remaining commercial fish stocks in the north-east Atlantic – had declined 75 per cent in the last 10 years because fishing nations, including the UK, had overfished it.
“They have put too little effort into the task of reaching agreement on a sharing arrangement – and some countries have been awarding themselves more quota than is justified by science,” he said.
“This crisis has been ignored for too long.
“We hope that this action by Waitrose sends it to the top of the political agenda. We call on other retailers to follow Waitrose’s example.”
Business
Rolls-Royce profits soar after major UK and US defence orders
Rolls-Royce has announced a significant surge in its annual profit, climbing by £1 billion, alongside an upgraded financial outlook for the coming years.
The engineering powerhouse attributed this robust performance to substantial military aircraft orders and burgeoning demand for powering data centres.
The company reported an underlying operating profit of £3.5 billion for 2025, marking a 40 per cent increase from the £2.5 billion achieved in the previous year.
Underlying revenues also surpassed £20 billion over the period, representing approximately a tenth’s rise compared to 2024.
This impressive growth was fuelled by strong profit and sales across its civil aerospace, defence, and power divisions.
Rolls-Royce highlighted particularly strong demand for its defence products, securing major orders throughout 2025. The firm stated its various business units are well-positioned to capitalise on “key global trends” in the years ahead.
This included contracts worth more than £1.5 billion with the UK’s Ministry of Defence and the US’s Department of War for EJ200 and AE 2100 engines to power military aircraft.
New orders for the Eurofighter aircraft engines from Italy, Germany and Spain, as well as export agreements from Turkey, will drive production into the 2030s, it said.
Furthermore, Rolls-Royce said it was benefiting from growing demand for power generation, driven by data centres with revenues up by more than a third.
Rolls-Royce said it was now expecting underlying operating profits to increase to between £4.9 billion and £5.2 billion by 2028 following the strengthened financial performance in 2025.
This is significantly higher than the £3.6 billion to £3.9 billion range that it had previously been targeting.
Chief executive Tufan Erginbilgic said growth would not have been possible “before our transformation”, with the business making £600 million worth of cost savings since 2022.
“With our new capabilities and mindset, we have navigated challenges from supply chain to tariffs, and delivered a strong performance in 2025, all while we built the foundations for significant growth for years to come,” he said.
“Based on our 2026 guidance, we expect to deliver underlying operating profit within the prior mid-term guidance range two years earlier than planned.
“Beyond the mid-term we continue to see significant growth from existing businesses as well as from new business opportunities.”
Business
Gold Could Hit 7500 Per Ounce: Gold in ‘structural repricing phase’, could hit $6,000 in 12 months: Report – The Times of India
Gold’s long-term outlook remains bullish as global de-dollarisation, rising fiscal stress and escalating geopolitical tensions reshape the global financial order, according to a report by Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd (MOFSL).In its latest Precious Metals Quarterly Report, the brokerage said gold prices crossed the $5,000 per ounce mark in early 2026, marking one of the strongest long-term bull phases in modern history.The firm said gold has entered a “structural repricing phase,” signalling the beginning of a new supercycle rather than a short-term cyclical rally.
Target of $6,000 in 12 months, $7,500 medium term
MOFSL expects Comex gold to settle towards $6,000 per ounce — equivalent to around Rs 1.85 lakh per 10 grams domestically — over the next 12 months. It also sees the potential for prices to move towards $7,500 per ounce in the medium term if geopolitical and fiscal pressures intensify.“The long-term outlook for gold remains positive. As global reserves gradually diversify away from dollar-centric assets and physical supply remains constrained, gold prices are likely to stay supported around and above $5,000 per ounce,” Navneet Damani, head of research, Commodities, Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd, said, as quoted by news agency PTI.Damani added that the current cycle is being driven not just by inflation, but by confidence — or the lack of it — in fiscal and monetary systems.
Gold rises despite positive real rates
The report highlighted that gold continued to climb even when real interest rates were positive between 2023 and 2025 — a period when prices would typically decline.This trend indicates that investors are increasingly worried about mounting global debt levels and the long-term stability of fiscal and monetary frameworks.“Gold’s strength despite positive real interest rates shows a clear shift in investor thinking. Real returns are increasingly seen as temporary and policy-driven, which reduces the cost of holding gold and strengthens its role as a safeguard against broader financial risks,” Manav Modi, analyst – commodities, MOFSL, said.
Geopolitical tensions, supply constraints add support
According to the report, rising geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia, along with renewed trade tensions and tariff-related disruptions, have heightened inflation and currency volatility, making gold more attractive as a neutral and reliable asset.Damani noted that as fiscal stress increases and questions emerge over monetary independence, gold’s role as non-sovereign money has gained prominence, leading to a structural shift in demand.The brokerage also pointed to tight global physical supply conditions supporting prices. Limited mine output, shrinking inventories across major exchanges and rising production costs have kept precious metal prices elevated.
Domestic demand and central bank buying
On the domestic front, rupee depreciation and strong retail demand have further supported gold prices. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have seen renewed inflows after years of decline, the report said.Central banks have remained consistent buyers, adding around 1,000 tonnes of gold annually for four consecutive years as part of efforts to diversify reserves and reduce reliance on dollar-based assets.Overall, MOFSL expects gold to remain well supported over the long term, driven by reserve diversification, constrained supply growth and ongoing global economic and geopolitical uncertainty.
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