Norway is the world’s largest producer of farmed Atlantic salmon and a top exporter of seafood, while the United States remains the largest importer of these products, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Two MIT students recently traveled to Trondheim, Norway to explore the cutting-edge technologies being developed and deployed in offshore aquaculture. 

Beckett Devoe, a senior in artificial intelligence and decision-making, and Tony Tang, a junior in mechanical engineering, first worked with MIT Sea Grant through the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). They contributed to projects focusing on wave generator design and machine learning applications for analyzing oyster larvae health in hatcheries. While near-shore aquaculture is a well-established industry across Massachusetts and the United States, open-ocean farming is still a nascent field here, facing unique and complex challenges. 

To help better understand this emerging industry, MIT Sea Grant created a collaborative initiative, AquaCulture Shock, with funding from an Aquaculture Technologies and Education Travel Grant through the National Sea Grant College Program. Collaborating with the MIT-Scandinavia MISTI (MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives) program, MIT Sea Grant matched Devoe and Tang with aquaculture-related summer internships at SINTEF Ocean, one of the largest research institutes in Europe. 

“The opportunity to work on this hands-on aquaculture project, under a world-renowned research institution, in an area of the world known for its innovation in marine technology — this is what MISTI is all about,” says Madeline Smith, managing director for MIT-Scandinavia. “Not only are students gaining valuable experience in their fields of study, but they’re developing cultural understanding and skills that equip them to be future global leaders.” Both students worked within SINTEF Ocean’s Aquaculture Robotics and Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ACE-Robotic Lab), a facility designed to develop and test new aquaculture technologies. 

“Norway has this unique geography where it has all of these fjords,” says Sveinung Ohrem, research manager for the Aquaculture Robotics and Automation Group at SINTEF Ocean. “So you have a lot of sheltered waters, which makes it ideal to do sea-based aquaculture.” He estimates that there are about a thousand fish farms along Norway’s coast, and walks through some of the tools being used in the industry: decision-making systems to gather and visualize data for the farmers and operators; robots for inspection and cleaning; environmental sensors to measure oxygen, temperature, and currents; echosounders that send out acoustic signals to track where the fish are; and cameras to help estimate biomass and fine-tune feeding. “Feeding is a huge challenge,” he notes. “Feed is the largest cost, by far, so optimizing feeding leads to a very significant decrease in your cost.”

During the internship, Devoe focused on a project that uses AI for fish feeding optimization. “I try to look at the different features of the farm — so maybe how big the fish are, or how cold the water is … and use that to try to give the farmers an optimal feeding amount for the best outcomes, while also saving money on feed,” he explains. “It was good to learn some more machine learning techniques and just get better at that on a real-world project.” 

In the same lab, Tang worked on the simulation of an underwater vehicle-manipulator system to navigate farms and repair damage on cage nets with a robotic arm. Ohrem says there are thousands of aquaculture robots operating in Norway today. “The scale is huge,” he says. “You can’t have 8,000 people controlling 8,000 robots — that’s not economically or practically feasible. So the level of autonomy in all of these robots needs to be increased.”

The collaboration between MIT and SINTEF Ocean began in 2023 when MIT Sea Grant hosted Eleni Kelasidi, a visiting research scientist from the ACE-Robotic Lab. Kelasidi collaborated with MIT Sea Grant director Michael Triantafyllou and professor of mechanical engineering Themistoklis Sapsis developing controllers, models, and underwater vehicles for aquaculture, while also investigating fish-machine interactions. 

“We have had a long and fruitful collaboration with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and SINTEF, which continues with important efforts such as the aquaculture project with Dr. Kelasidi,” Triantafyllou says. “Norway is at the forefront of offshore aquaculture and MIT Sea Grant is investing in this field, so we anticipate great results from the collaboration.”

Kelasidi, who is now a professor at NTNU, also leads the Field Robotics Lab, focusing on developing resilient robotic systems to operate in very complex and harsh environments. “Aquaculture is one of the most challenging field domains we can demonstrate any autonomous solutions, because everything is moving,” she says. Kelasidi describes aquaculture as a deeply interdisciplinary field, requiring more students with backgrounds both in biology and technology. “We cannot develop technologies that are applied for industries where we don’t have biological components,” she explains, “and then apply them somewhere where we have a live fish or other live organisms.” 

Ohrem affirms that maintaining fish welfare is the primary driver for researchers and companies operating in aquaculture, especially as the industry continues to grow. “So the big question is,” he says, “how can you ensure that?” SINTEF Ocean has four research licenses for farming fish, which they operate through a collaboration with SalMar, the second-largest salmon farmer in the world. The students had the opportunity to visit one of the industrial-scale farms, Singsholmen, on the island of Hitra. The farm has 10 large, round net pens about 50 meters across that extend deep below the surface, each holding up to 200,000 salmon. “I got to physically touch the nets and see how the [robotic] arm might be able to fix the net,” says Tang. 

Kelasidi emphasizes that the information gained in the field cannot be learned from the office or lab. “That opens up and makes you realize, what is the scale of the challenges, or the scale of the facilities,” she says. She also highlights the importance of international and institutional collaboration to advance this field of research and develop more resilient robotic systems. “We need to try to target that problem, and let’s solve it together.”

MIT Sea Grant and the MIT-Scandinavia MISTI program are currently recruiting a new cohort of four MIT students to intern in Norway this summer with institutes advancing offshore farming technologies, including NTNU’s Field Robotics Lab in Trondheim. Students interested in autonomy, deep learning, simulation modeling, underwater robotic systems, and other aquaculture-related areas are encouraged to reach out to Lily Keyes at MIT Sea Grant.

If you’ve been dreaming all year of saving serious cash on a new mattress, you have a few more hours before the alarm goes off. From the best mattresses for back pain to our favorite cooling options, these are the top deals on mattresses the WIRED Reviews team has tested in their own homes. We also track prices all year to see where the best sales are really happening. And Cyber Monday brings some of the best sleep deals you’ll see all year.

If it’s on this list, it’s genuinely a good deal on a product someone from our team has tested and approved of. While the prices listed below are for queen sizes, the deals should apply to all mattress sizes. Your dreams of a new king mattress are still going strong.

Updated 2 pm ET December 1: We’ve added new sales from Sleep Number and Thuma, and ensured up-to-date links and prices.

WIRED Featured Deals

Bear

The WIRED Reviews team has crowned the Bear Elite Hybrid as the best mattress for back pain we’ve tested to date. It comes in three firmness options, including Soft, Medium, and Firm. WIRED testers have found Firm helpful for spinal alignment, and you can also add a Celliant cover for a fee, designed to help with muscle recovery. In addition to the sale, Bear is also throwing in a free accessories bundle (two pillows, a sheet set, and a mattress protector). Use WIRED40 for 40 percent off, which is an additional 5 percent off the offer you’ll see on the site.

Helix

Courtesy of Helix Sleep

Helix Sleep

Midnight Luxe Hybrid Mattress (14-Inch)

We test many, many mattresses—so it’s saying something that the Helix Midnight Luxe has been our favorite overall mattress for seven years running. This specific model is designed for side sleepers, but the brand’s slogan is “designed for every body,” and there are plenty of options for every sleeping position. Helix’s Cyber Week sale is underway, but you can get additional savings by using our exclusive coupon code WIRED27 for 27 percent off.

Saatva

Saatva mattresses strive to be the intersection of luxury, natural materials, and support for many sleepers. One model in particular that we’ve tested, the Saatva Rx, offers serious pressure relief for even the most persistent aches and pains. It incorporates micro coils and pressure-relief foam, so the price is usually on the higher side. However, Saatva’s holiday sales promo should take some strain off your wallet, as you can save $400 off purchases of $1,000 or more. Use our link below.

Sleep Number

If you’re trying to decide between a sleep tracker or a new mattress, I’ve got news for you—Sleep Number can do both. The p6 is a smart bed that lets you adjust your preferred firmness; pressure relief levels; and, paired with an adjustable base, the angle of the head and foot of the bed. It also tracks your sleep, noting any changes in your heart rate, breathing, and deep sleep. Sleep Number is offering free shipping plus discounts for bed and base bundles. Free shipping’s a big deal because it’s usually a separate fee from Sleep Number for a team to come set up the bed for you. Now, it’s just part of your purchase.

Casper

Courtesy of Casper

Casper

Original Hybrid Mattress (12-Inch)

Amazon’s current price on this Casper hybrid is slightly lower than we saw for Prime Day, at just over $1,000 for a queen from Amazon. Casper was one of the original American mattresses-in-a-box makers, though the company has been bought and sold a few times. We like this mattress for pressure relief but it has heightened support thanks to the coils. There’s also a sale on a Casper pillow we like below.

Birch

Courtesy of Birch

Birch

Luxe Natural Mattress

If you’re looking to get memory foams and other man-made materials out of your bedroom in favor of an all-organic mattress, the Birch Luxe Natural has been a consistent winner for us. It has an organic cotton Euro top that gives your pressure points a cushioned surface to slightly sink into. Layers of natural wool are incorporated underneath for breathable temperature control. Latex is pressure-relieving, like memory foam, but without any chemicals involved. It’s also organic, with Global Organic Latex Standard (GOLS) certification. Pocketed coils help support you where you need it most. Birch is also throwing in two free pillows with every mattress purchase. To make it even better, you can use code WIRED27 for even more savings.

Airweave

Photograph: Martin Cizmar

Airweave

Airweave Advanced (Queen)

There is a significant savings on a mattress we really liked for its firmness and portability, while balking at the price in our review. The Airweave’s filling is made from a unique ultrafine woven polyethylene, which looks like uncooked glass noodles or a tangle of fishing line. It functions like super micro coils and offers a somewhat stiff but very. supportive sleeping surface. Best of all, it can be disassembled for easy moving, and the cover is washable.

Silk & Snow

Courtesy of Silk & Snow

Silk & Snow

S&S Organic Mattress

Canadian brand Silk & Snow uses high-quality materials and thoughtful construction in its mattresses, with prices that are hard to argue with. In the S&S Organic hybrid’s case, there are several organic certifications too. With GOLS-certified organic cotton, organic wool, and GOLS-certified latex atop pocketed coils, it eliminates any guesswork about materials and focuses solely on support. For holiday shoppers, Silk & Snow is offering up to $300 off on mattresses, no code needed.

Avocado

Avocado takes the notion of “all-natural” mattresses very seriously, with an extensive list of certifications to back its claims. The Avocado Green hybrid mattress comes in Firm (base model), Medium (pillow top), and Plush (box top, which is an even thicker version of a softer pillow top). Medium and Plush cost a bit extra, but we previously tested the Firm model and loved it. Its organic latex and coil construction provided lumbar support, temperature regulation, and pressure relief to the point where it got a near-perfect score. For Avocado’s holiday mattress sale, you can take 20 percent off your purchase, no code needed.

Wolf

Wolf mattresses are not ones you should overlook. Each time our team has tested a Wolf mattress, we were impressed with its quality and performance. The Wolf 13-Inch Memory Foam Hybrid Premium Firm Mattress is quite a name, but this hybrid mattress excels with temperature control thanks to a cooling cover, foams, and coils. It’s just firm enough that you can move around without feeling stuck, and it also maintains spinal alignment. Wolf’s Cyber Week mattress sale is now live, with 15 percent off on your purchase.

Tiami

Tiami’s Luxury Hybrid has a firmer feel with cushioning memory foam layers and unique, foam-capped coils that help relieve pressure around your joints. It’s a specialty mattress through and through, which makes Tiami’s current mattress sale even more enticing. It’s the lowest price we’ve seen all year, thanks to its Cyber Monday promo at 40 percent off, no code needed.

Essentia

Courtesy of Essentia

Essentia

Tatami Organic Mattress

You’re searching high and low for an organic mattress, but not just any organic mattress will do—it has to be vegan as well. (Many organic mattresses aren’t vegan due to the inclusion of wool.) For those who aim to live (and sleep!) by vegan protocols, Essentia’s Tatami mattress is right up your alley. It’s got organic cotton, organic latex, and organic foam all meant for pressure relief, temperature control, and strong lumbar support. Essentia is offering 25 percent off mattresses plus two free pillows as part of its holiday mattress sale. (Discount reflected in cart.)

Naturepedic

Naturepedic checks a lot of boxes with its EOS Classic mattress. It’s got customizable firmness on each side of the mattress. It’s one of the best mattresses we’ve tested to date. It’s also made with organic materials, making it one of the best organic mattresses we’ve come across. Naturepedic is offering 20 percent off sitewide and throwing in a free accessories bundle (organic mattress protector and pillows) on orders of $699 or more.

Leesa

Leesa’s Sapira Chill Hybrid ranks as one of the best mattresses by our account (more specifically, the best hybrid mattress), thanks to its cooling and lumbar support. It features a quilted pillow top with a cooling cover, along with pressure-relieving foams and pocketed coils. There are three firmness levels to choose from, but if you have back pain, you may want to opt for something firmer to support spine alignment. Plus, the Sapira Chill’s pillow top will soften things out a bit. While the price for this mattress isn’t the lowest we’ve seen this year, Leesa’s holiday sale is pretty good. You can take 30 percent off select mattresses, including the Sapira Chill.

Plank

Courtesy of Plank

For those who feel like a mattress is never quite firm enough, the Plank Firm is one of the team’s favorite beds that delivers a truly firm feel. It’s actually dual-sided, with one side “firm” and the other “extra firm,” so you can get the utmost, unyielding support. It’s been a hit with some of our testers who have back pain and look to firm beds to maintain spine alignment. To keep your wallet balanced, too, Plank is offering 30 percent off with code BFRIDAY30.

Cyber Monday Bedding Deals

No new mattress setup would be complete without sheets, pillows, bed frames, and sleep accessories. Cyber Monday is the time to get the best of the best, and these are deals we’re pretty hyped about.

Thuma Signature Bed Frame

Courtesy of Thuma

We’re big Thuma fans around here, from the Thuma Hybrid mattress to its Classic Bed frame (review coming soon!). We wish these two items were on sale for Black Friday, but Cyber Monday is a new day with new opportunities, like a sale on Thuma’s Signature Bed frame. Just like the Classic Bed, the Signature Bed frame is a cinch to set up and comes in either soft Italian felt or performance linen. Thuma is offering up to 22 percent off the Signature Bed as part of its Cyber Monday sale.

Casper Sleep Hybrid Snow Pillow

Photograph: Eric Ravenscraft

Casper

Hybrid Snow Pillow (Standard)

Another Casper sale you’ll find on Amazon, reviewer Nena Farrell found this pillow had a lower loft paired with a firmer feel. These are both aspects that stomach sleepers need from their pillows to prevent disturbing their neck’s cervical alignment and causing trouble with their lower backs.

My Green Mattress

Courtesy of My Green Mattress

My Green Mattress

Organic Latex Topper

You’re looking for a quick hack to revitalize your mattress’s support—before your guests arrive for the holidays. Mattress toppers can help buy you some time while increasing pressure relief, support, and overall comfort. This organic latex mattress topper from My Green Mattress has two inches of firmer-feeling, GOLS-certified Dunlop latex. For the holiday, you can get 15 percent off sleep accessories, including this organic latex topper.

Helix

Photograph: Wired

Helix Sleep

GlacioTex Premium Mattress Topper

Here’s another hypothetical for you, based on personal experience: You know someone living in a dorm, and their mattress just straight-up sucks. Sleep’s crucial for these scholars, and Helix’s GlacioTex Memory Foam Topper is designed to provide pressure relief and temperature regulation to help elevate the lowliest of dorm-room beds (aka, a glorified piece of foam wrapped in a tarp). Use code WIRED27 for 27 percent off this topper.

Cozy Earth

We’re covering all sorts of Cozy Earth deals right now. But these bamboo sheets are so lovely, we’re giving them a shoutout twice. If you’re still struggling with gift ideas, these sheets are a cooling, luxurious option the recipient will use often (at least, I’d sure use them). Plus, the limited edition seasonal patterns are too whimsical to pass up. These sheets are currently 45 percent off and are selling out quickly.

Brooklinen

If you crave the experience of being wrapped in something similar to a fluffy cloud, chances are you’d really like a down comforter. WIRED reviewer Louryn Strampe likened Brooklinen’s all-season down comforter to something you’d see in a hotel, with its starchy cover and fluffy fill. Brooklinen is continuing its 25 percent off sitewide sale from Black Friday through Cyber Week.

Coop

Photograph: Julia Forbes

Coop Sleep Goods

Original Adjustable Crescent Pillow

The first time I technically tested this crescent pillow was in a friend’s guest room, and I’ve been a fan ever since. This adjustable pillow’s bottom has an arch, allowing your shoulders to press into the pillow and providing more cushion around your neck. You can also add fill (which comes in a separate bag) to make it firmer, or take some out to increase softness. You can take 25 percent off as part of its current sitewide sale.

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I love a digital notebook. I write about them all year long here at WIRED, and it’s not often my favorites go on sale. (Or for any to go on sale, besides Amazon’s own sale events.) But this year, multiple digital notebooks I love are on sale for the biggest sale event of the year.

If you’ve thought about getting one of these for yourself, there’s truly no better moment. From reMarkable’s on-sale bundles to Kobo’s deals, you can shop five of the best digital notebooks we’ve ever tried right now at a lower price than you might find until next year. They’re a handy device just about everyone can enjoy, whether you want to digitally annotate your books or write out your grocery list without using a piece of paper.

Looking for more great sales to shop? Don’t miss our guides to the Best Amazon Device and Kindle Deals, Best Laptop Deals, the Absolute Best Cyber Monday Deals, and our liveblog.

Update Dec. 1: We updated prices, links, and deals, and added the Rocketbook Fusion Plus notebook.

The Best Digital Notebook Deals

Some of the best digital notebooks we’ve tried come from reMarkable, and one of reMarkable’s models always seems to reign supreme over our digital notebooks guide. While the Paper Pro Move is the newest model, the reMarkable Paper Pro that launched in September 2024 is my current all-around favorite. It’s not only powerful with tons of tools and an easy interface, but packs a color screen for colorful notes. It also has a gentle front light so that you can use it in darker environments. You can get the bundles on sale right now, so combine one of reMarkable’s markers and folio covers with a Paper Pro to get $50 off.

The best discount from reMarkable is actually for its older device and our previous top pick, the reMarkable 2. It doesn’t have a color screen or the front light, but you’ll get the reMarkable’s great software and options for accessories like the Keyboard Folio to use it like a laptop. The reMarkable 2 bundles are also on sale, so add on your favorite folio of choice on reMarkable’s website to get $70 off.

The Kobo Libra Colour is my favorite all-around e-reader with its color screen and page turner buttons, but you can add on a stylus to have it double as a digital notebook. It’s one of the more affordable options, and it’s a smaller screen than the rest of these, but I especially love that you can use the stylus to doodle on the books you’re reading (something you can’t do with the Kindle Scribe). It’s $30 off on Kobo’s site for Cyber Monday.

The second-generation Kindle Scribe isn’t the best digital notebook, but the long battery life (12 weeks!!) and convenient starting point of it being a Kindle I could already be reading on makes it a great go-to for casual notetakers and doodlers. It’s a good choice for Kindle and Amazon users, and there are new models due out this winter, but they likely won’t be as cheap as this one. (Especially since some of those new models will have color!)

Photograph: Nena Farrell

If you like the idea of getting a Kobo e-reader that doubles as a digital notebook, you can go for more of a classic size with the larger Elipsa 2E. This one comes with the stylus, so you won’t have to add it on, and it’s $50 off.

Photograph: Nena Farrell

The Rocketbook Fusion Plus digital planner and notebook is for those who don’t want to charge their notebook or give up on the whole “paper” experience. Take notes with the included, erasable Pilot Frixion Pen, scan photos of the pages into the app, and erase the whole thing with the damp microfiber cloth (also included). Fusion Plus is on its steepest discount of recent memory, and comes templates that range from monthly and weekly pages to project management and meeting notes.

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