Business
The regulatory path ahead for a Netflix and Warner Bros. deal could get dicey
Logos of Netlfix and Warner Bros.
Reuters
The Netflix and Warner Bros. Discovery deal came together quickly — but its path to regulatory approval may not be so speedy.
Netflix stunned the media industry on Friday when it announced its proposed $72 billion deal to acquire the iconic Warner Bros. film studio and streaming service HBO Max. The combination brings together two of the most popular streaming platforms in the business. Netflix reported 300 million global subscribers as of late 2024, the last time it reported the metric. HBO Max had 128 million customers as of Sept. 30.
Netflix currently claims 46% of mobile app monthly active users in global streaming, according to data from market intelligence firm Sensor Tower. Combined with HBO Max, that share would rise to 56%, it found.
“This deal cements Netflix’s position as the premier streaming service for original content,” according to a research note from analysts at William Blair on Friday.
The size of the deal makes it ripe for scrutiny, from both industry insiders and U.S. lawmakers.
The Trump administration is viewing the merger with “heavy skepticism,” CNBC reported Friday, and Sen. Elizabeth Warren has already called for an antitrust review.
“This deal looks like an anti-monopoly nightmare. A Netflix-Warner Bros. would create one massive media giant with control of close to half of the streaming market — threatening to force Americans into higher subscription prices and fewer choices over what and how they watch, while putting American workers at risk,” Warren, a Democrat from Massachusetts, said in a statement.
The merger would also give Netflix control over the famed Warner Bros. film studio, further consolidating the cinematic space and raising concerns that the number or typical windowing of popular releases could shrink.
It’s typical in the days and weeks following a deal announcement of this scale for interest groups, politicians and corporate competitors to call foul on antitrust grounds.
The Department of Justice is most likely to review the deal, as it has other media mergers in the past, and it could take some time. DOJ reviews can take anywhere from months to more than a year.
Netflix said Friday it expects the transaction to close in 12 to 18 months, after Warner Bros. Discovery spins out its portfolio of cable networks into Discovery Global.
Netflix confidence
Ted Sarandos, co-chief executive officer of Netflix , attends the annual Allen & Co. Media and Technology Conference in Sun Valley, Idaho on July 11th, 2025.
David A. Grogan | CNBC
Netflix executives on Friday said they were “highly confident” the deal would win regulatory approval.
“You know, this deal is pro-consumer, pro-innovation, pro-worker, it’s pro-creator, it’s pro-growth,” Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos said during an investor call following the acquisition announcement.
“Our plans here are to work really closely with all the appropriate governments and regulators, but [we’re] really confident that we’re going to get all the necessary approvals that we need,” Sarandos added.
As part of the deal, Netflix has agreed to pay a $5.8 billion breakup fee to Warner Bros. Discovery if the deal were to get blocked by the government.
Netflix’s bid won out over competing offers from Paramount Skydance and Comcast.
Analysts at Deutsche Bank and William Blair were at least minimally convinced Friday of the potential for the deal to go through.
“A merger of Warner Bros. Discovery and any of the three bidders would probably succeed, even if the DOJ were to sue to block a proposed combination,” Deutsche Bank analysts wrote in a note on Friday, citing insights from a Department of Justice veteran who the analysts said “does not see any significant antitrust problems with any of the three scenarios.”
“However … we don’t know all of the detailed facts that will be collected and analyzed by the DOJ, nor do we know who the judge hearing the case will be, and both of these factors can have an impact on the outcome,” the Deutsche Bank analysts noted.
Paramount, for its part, has been fanning the flames.
Paramount’s lawyers sent a letter to Warner Bros. Discovery this week, first reported by CNBC, in which it argued the sale process had been rigged in Netflix’s direction. The Wall Street Journal reported that in a separate letter, Paramount said a Netflix transaction would likely “never close” because of regulatory headwinds.
Paramount was the only bidder looking to buy WBD’s massive portfolio of pay-TV networks — and it’s unlikely to walk away from the process quietly.
Not so fast
Oracle co-founder, CTO and Executive Chairman Larry Ellison (C), U.S. President Donald Trump, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman (R), and SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son (2nd-R), share a laugh as Ellison uses a stool to stand on as he speaks during a news conference in the Roosevelt Room of the White House on January 21, 2025 in Washington, DC. Trump announced an investment in artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure and took questions on a range of topics including his presidential pardons of Jan. 6 defendants, the war in Ukraine, cryptocurrencies and other topics.
Andrew Harnik | Getty Images
Wall Street expected President Donald Trump’s second term to usher in a windfall of dealmaking. However, economic uncertainty has slowed the process for some companies, and regulatory holdups have played a bigger role than anticipated.
“Under Donald Trump, the antitrust review process has also become a cesspool of political favoritism and corruption,” Warren said in Friday’s statement. “The Justice Department must enforce our nation’s anti-monopoly laws fairly and transparently — not use the Warner Bros. deal review to invite influence-peddling and bribery.”
Paramount’s merger with Skydance was left in limbo for more than a year before it finally won federal approval in July.
The Federal Communications Commission (which is unlikely to review the Netflix-WBD tie-up since it doesn’t involve a broadcaster) signed off on the $8 billion merger shortly after Paramount agreed to pay $16 million to Trump to settle a lawsuit over the editing of a “60 Minutes” interview with former Vice President Kamala Harris. Paramount had also ended its diversity, equity and inclusion policies earlier in the year after the FCC said it would investigate the company over its DEI programs.
In September, the newly combined Paramount Skydance, run by David Ellison, set its sights on Warner Bros. Discovery. The company is now considering whether to take a hostile bid straight to WBD shareholders and try to unseat Netflix as the would-be buyer, CNBC reported Friday.
Ellison’s billionaire father, Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison, is known to be close with Trump.
The argument for whether to clear Netflix’s proposed takeover of Warner Bros. would likely come down to questions around streaming — first, on pricing for consumers, and second, on how to define Netflix’s audience.
The pricing of streaming subscriptions has risen across the board in recent years. In 2022 Netflix instituted a cheaper, ad-supported model after years of resistance in an effort to beckon more customers. The following year, Disney followed with its own more-affordable plan.
Netflix is used to upending the legacy media industry. The company ended its DVD rentals business in 2023 and went all in on streaming. It’s since found massive scale and has taken over the zeitgeist with original series like “Squid Game,” “Wednesday,” “Stranger Things,” and “Bridgerton.”
Its maverick approach to media and its broadening foothold in the industry may be its saving grace in the eyes of regulators.
“My expectation on the regulatory side is Netflix is going to advocate and argue with their advisors for a very expansive definition of what their market is … so that would include broadcast, cable, subscription and ad-supported streaming,” said said Jeff Goldstein, a partner and managing director at AlixPartners, and co-lead of the U.S. Media group.
“And really, really, really importantly, that would include YouTube,” he said.
YouTube has come to dominate the industry when it comes to viewership. Nielsen once again reported in October than YouTube had the largest share of TV usage, with Netflix in sixth place and Warner Bros. Discovery in seventh place. Traditional media companies with linear networks — Disney, NBCUniversal, Fox and Paramount — filled the spots in between.
Critics of the deal will define Netflix’s reach more narrowly to try to demonstrate outsized dominance, said Goldstein.
“I believe that streaming is not a category. Television viewership is a category … you know, eyeballs might be a category,” media industry titan John Malone told CNBC in November when asked about antitrust questions surrounding the WBD sale process.
“But if you’re going to broaden the category to that, you got to take in YouTube and Facebook and the social networks, TikTok,” he said. “I mean, that’s really the question, is streaming a category? … Are studios a category … and is that going to get looked at hard? These regulatory things are a little bit difficult to predict.”
— CNBC’s Julia Boorstin contributed to this report.
Disclosure: Comcast is the parent company of NBCUniversal, which owns CNBC. Versant would become the new parent company of CNBC upon Comcast’s planned spinoff of Versant.
Business
David Ellison’s hunt for WBD made David Zaslav richer — and it may not be over
Paramount Skydance CEO David Ellison speaks during the Bloomberg Screentime conference in Los Angeles on October 9, 2025.
Patrick T. Fallon | Afp | Getty Images
This isn’t exactly what David Ellison had planned in September.
Just a few months ago, the Paramount Skydance CEO sent a letter to the Warner Bros. Discovery board of directors arguing a combination of the two media and entertainment companies made sense. That letter was the first of several that offered increasingly higher prices to acquire the company along with arguments of why the assets were better together.
Paramount’s interest spurred a formal sale process — bringing Comcast and Netflix into the mix — which ultimately doubled the value of Warner Bros. Discovery shares and culminated, at least for the moment, in Paramount losing out in the bidding war it started.
On Friday, Netflix announced a deal to acquire HBO Max and the famed Warner Bros. film studio for $27.75 per share, or an equity value of $72 billion. WBD will move forward with a plan to separate out its pay-TV networks, such as CNN and TNT Sports, before the deal closes.
Instead of supercharging Paramount, just months after gaining control of the company through a merger with Skydance, Ellison effectively handed a prized jewel of the media and entertainment industry to its most dominant player, strengthening Netflix’s reach and stripping Paramount and Comcast’s NBCUniversal of an obvious merger target.
“It wasn’t for sale before, and they certainly hadn’t cleaned up the assets or separated the assets in the way they have right now,” said Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos in a conference call Friday morning after announcing the deal. “I think that kind of goes to the ‘why now.'”
Ellison jump-started a process that has made a lot of money for Warner Bros. Discovery CEO David Zaslav, WBD’s executive team and its shareholders.
Zaslav’s share
Zaslav currently owns more than 4.2 million shares of Warner Bros. Discovery, with another 6.2 million shares that would be delivered to him in the future via previously granted stock awards, according to Equilar. Zaslav also has a grant of almost 20.9 million options with an exercise price of $10.16, Equilar found.
Based on the Netflix-WBD transaction price of $27.75 per share, all of that adds up to more than $554 million for the WBD CEO.
Factoring in another 4 million shares that Zaslav is set to receive in January, according to a person close to the situation who declined to be named speaking about the executive’s holdings, the true total is closer to $660 million.
For shareholders, the sale process has brought a similar windfall. Warner Bros. Discovery stock closed at $12.54 on Sept. 10, the day before The Wall Street Journal reported Paramount was preparing a bid for the company.
On Friday morning, Warner Bros. Discovery shares were up almost 3% to more than $25 apiece. That’s more than double Warner Bros. Discovery’s unaffected sale process price and a return to 2022 levels when WarnerMedia and Discovery first merged.
That’s vindication for Zaslav, who has spent nearly four years coming under fire from Hollywood and investors for failing to deliver for shareholders. With Friday’s announcement, he’s effectively pulled victory from the jaws of defeat.
And still, Paramount is likely not done with its pursuit of buying all of Warner Bros. Discovery.
Paramount’s hostile play
Ellison has wasted no time at the helm of Paramount Skydance, transforming the company through deals and acquisitions.
Since the merger closed in August, Paramount has brought on C-suite executives and high-profile Hollywood talent such as the Duffer Brothers. It secured the rights to develop a live-action feature film based on Activision’s Call of Duty video game franchise and struck a $7.7 billion deal for UFC rights.
Ellison’s hunt for Warner Bros. Discovery was his biggest endeavor since taking control of the company.
Paramount’s lawyers sent a letter to Warner Bros. Discovery this week, first reported by CNBC, claiming the sale process had been rigged in Netflix’s direction. Paramount has accused Warner Bros. Discovery of failing to properly consider its offer of $30, all-cash, and instead selling to Netflix as a predetermined outcome.
Netflix made an initial bid for WBD’s studio and streaming assets of $27 a share, according to a person familiar with the matter. That trumped Paramount’s offer at the time and turned the trajectory of the sales talks in Netflix’s direction, said the person, who asked not to be named because the discussions were private.
Paramount was the only bidder interested in acquiring all of WBD’s assets — the film studio, streaming service and TV networks. It has maintained that its offer is superior.
Paramount’s executives and advisors valued the Discovery Global networks portfolio at close to $2 a share, based on its predicted trading multiple and estimated leverage ratio, according to people familiar with the matter, who asked not to be named because the discussions were private. Discovery Global would include the CNN, TNT Sports and Discovery channels.
Warner Bros. Discovery believes Discovery Global could have a value of $3 per share or more if it trades well in the public markets, according to other people with direct knowledge of the matter.
Paramount has also argued there are tax efficiencies for shareholders in acquiring the whole company rather than buying only a portion of it, and that Netflix’s bid comes with steeper regulatory risk. The Trump administration’s view of the proposed combination is one of “heavy skepticism,” CNBC reported Friday.
Paramount offered a break-up fee of $5 billion if the proposed deal didn’t get regulatory approval, according to the people familiar.
Netflix’s bid included a $5.8 billion break-up fee in case the deal doesn’t get regulatory approval, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing Friday.
Paramount is now weighing its options about whether to go straight to shareholders with one more improved bid — perhaps even higher than the $30-per-share, all-cash offer it submitted to WBD this week.
If it does, Netflix would have a chance to match that bid. The end result would mean even more money for WBD shareholders — and more money for Zaslav.
— CNBC’s Nick Wells contributed to this report.
Disclosure: Comcast is the parent company of NBCUniversal, which owns CNBC. Versant would become the new parent company of CNBC upon Comcast’s planned spinoff of Versant.
Business
FPI rulebook revamp: Sebi proposes simplified registrations; clearer KYC rules, unified framework on cards – The Times of India
Sebi on Friday proposed a comprehensive overhaul of the Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) framework, aiming to streamline registrations and introduce an abridged application option for related funds, even as the regulator seeks to ease compliance for global investors.In a consultation paper, the Securities and Exchange Board of India said the move is intended to enhance ease of doing business by simplifying procedures and creating a more unified rulebook, according to PTI.As part of the revamp, Sebi has suggested a complete update and simplification of the Master Circular for FPIs and designated depository participants (DDPs), consolidating all rules and circulars issued since May 2024 into a single, clearer document.According to the proposals, a simplified registration process is planned for select FPI categories — including funds managed by an investment manager already registered as an FPI, sub-funds of an existing master fund, segregated share classes, and insurance schemes linked to an already registered entity.Such applicants may choose to fill the entire Common Application Form (CAF) or use an abridged version requiring only information unique to the new entity, with the remaining details automatically populated. Custodians would obtain explicit consent to rely on pre-existing information and ensure unchanged details remain accurate.Once the application is submitted, custodians will update the CAF module, while DDPs will issue Sebi-generated registration certificates after verifying eligibility. Sebi has also outlined steps DDPs must follow, including due diligence, clarifications on incomplete forms, PAN verification, and country-of-residence and regulatory status checks.Beyond registration reforms, the updated circular proposes clearer rules on KYC and beneficial-owner identification. It specifies requirements for NRIs, OCIs and resident Indians, while introducing dedicated frameworks for FPIs investing exclusively in government securities, IFSC-based FPIs, banks, insurance entities, pension funds and funds with multiple investment managers.Sebi has also detailed procedures for renewal, surrender, transition and reclassification of registrations, along with uniform compliance and reporting standards for custodians and DDPs.The regulator has sought public comments on the proposals until December 26.
Business
FTSE 100 falls despite benign US inflation data
Blue chip stocks in London underperformed European and US peers on Friday, despite stable inflation data in the US, as falls in oil majors BP and Shell weighed.
The FTSE 100 index closed down 43.86 points, or 0.5%, at 9,667.01. The FTSE 250 ended just 7.04 points lower at 22,063.95, but the AIM All-Share closed up 1.87 points, 0.3%, at 751.30.
For the week, the FTSE 100 fell 0.6%, the FTSE 250 ebbed 0.5% and the AIM All-Share declined 0.3%.
In European equities on Friday, the CAC 40 in Paris closed down 0.1%, while the DAX 40 in Frankfurt ended 0.6% higher.
Stocks in New York were higher at the time of the London equity close.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500 index and Nasdaq Composite were all 0.3% higher.
Markets broadly took encouragement from in-line US inflation data, which supports hopes for a US rate cut next week.
According to data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis, the personal consumption expenditures price index for September increased 0.3% on-month, unchanged from August, and in line with FXStreet consensus.
Excluding food and energy, the core PCE price index, which is the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauge, increased 0.2% in September on-month, unchanged from August, and also in line with consensus.
Year-on-year, the PCE price index cooled to 2.8% growth in September, from 2.9% in August. FXStreet consensus had forecast the rate to remain unchanged.
Core PCE price index picked up to 2.8% year-on-year in September from 2.7% in August, as expected.
“September’s rise in the core PCE deflator should be small enough for most FOMC members to revise down their near-term inflation forecast next week, helping to justify another policy easing,” said Samuel Tombs, chief US economist, Pantheon Macroeconomics.
The CME’s FedWatch tool now places an 87% probability on a quarter-point rate reduction, although the decision could prove contentious.
Minutes from the October Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting showed officials were at loggerheads and expressed “strongly differing views” about what policy decision would most likely be appropriate at the December meeting.
“The FOMC has grown increasingly split over its near-term course of action, and multiple dissents seem likely,” analysts at Wells Fargo said.
Bank of America thinks Fed chairman Jerome Powell is facing the most “divided committee in recent memory.”
Separate figures showed US consumer sentiment rose for the first time in five months, supported by a more optimistic outlook among younger consumers.
The preliminary December sentiment index rose to 53.3 from 51.0 a month earlier, according to the University of Michigan. The estimate beat FXStreet consensus, which predicted a rise to 52.0.
The pound was quoted lower at 1.3326 dollars at the time of the London equities close on Friday, compared with 1.3353 dollars on Thursday.
The euro stood at 1.1635 dollars, down against 1.1658 dollars. Against the yen, the dollar was trading higher at 155.42 yen compared with 154.75 yen.
The yield on the US 10-year Treasury was quoted at 4.14%, widened from 4.10%. The yield on the US 30-year Treasury was at 4.80%, stretched from 4.76%.
Wall Street’s attention was also gripped by news that Netflix has reached an agreement with Warner Bros Discovery to purchase Warner Bros.
The California-based streaming service said the deal includes the Burbank, California-based media and entertainment company’s film and television studios, HBO Max and HBO.
The cash and stock transaction is valued at 27.75 dollars per Warner Bros Discovery share, with a total enterprise value of around 82.7 billion dollars (£62 billion), and an equity value of 72.0 billion dollars (£54 billion).
Netflix traded down 0.7% in New York while Warner Bros rose 3.8%.
Holding London’s FTSE 100 back were falls in oil majors and index heavyweights BP and Shell, down 2.6% and 1.4% respectively.
Both were downgraded by Bank of America (BofA), which moved BP to ‘underperform’ from ‘neutral’ with a reduced price target of 375 pence, down from 440p, and Shell to ‘neutral’ from ‘buy’ with a lowered target of 3,100p, down from 3,200p.
“Lower oil and gas prices and deflating refining margins will leave the sector grappling for more free cash flow cushions than it is already sitting on. And we see fewer inorganic cushions available that are not already discounted in elevated share prices,” BofA said in a research note on Friday.
The broker cut its 2026 Brent oil price forecast by 14% to 60 dollars per barrel and its 2027 forecast by 11% to 62.0 dollars per barrel.
On the FTSE 250, Trustpilot rallied by 13% after Thursday’s heavy falls following a critical report from Grizzly Research.
On Friday afternoon, Trustpilot issued a response to Grizzly’s report, saying it “contains factual inaccuracies and false claims, which were intended to adversely impact the company’s share price”.
“We are considering all appropriate options in response to (Grizzly’s) demonstrably false statements,” the Copenhagen-based consumer review platform added.
Greggs climbed 5.3%, as JP Morgan (JPM) initiated coverage with an ‘overweight’ rating.
A “re-rating” is “on the menu,” analysts at JPM said about Greggs, with catalysts more resilient than expected like-for-like sales and earnings delivery from financial 2026 onwards, coupled with an inflexion in free cash flow and capital returns.
Ocado rose 0.3%, as it said it will receive a 350 million dollars (£262.5 million) one-off cash payment as compensation following Kroger’s decision to close three customer fulfilment centres in 2026.
“An enhanced compensation payment does at least take the edge off Kroger’s reduced use of Ocado’s technology,” said AJ Bell investment director Russ Mould.
Elsewhere, shares in Big Yellow fell 4.3% after it abandoned takeover talks with Blackstone.
Advanced Medical Solutions, however, jumped 8.9% following a Sky News report that private equity house Bridgepoint is considering making an offer for the company.
Sky said a bid could be pitched at 270 pence to 280p a share, well above the 207.5p closing price on Thursday.
Brent oil was quoted at 63.60 dollars a barrel at the time of the London equities close on Friday, up from 63.45 dollars late on Thursday.
Gold was quoted at 4,208.77 dollars an ounce on Friday, lower against 4,214.64 dollars.
The biggest risers on the FTSE 100 were Rightmove, up 17.4 pence at 540.2p, JD Sports Fashion, up 2.22p at 82.72p, Smith & Nephew, up 33.5p at 1,265.0p, 3i Group, up 78.0p at 3,231.0p and ICG, up 32.0p at 2,084.0p.
The biggest fallers on the FTSE 100 were Smiths Group, down 86.0p at 2,372.0p, BP, down 12.15p at 452.85p, LondonMetric Property, down 3.7p at 186.5p, Severn Trent, down 47.0p at 2,769.0p and Airtel Africa, down 5.2p at 309.0p.
Monday’s economic calendar has Japan’s GDP data and the US consumer inflation expectations report.
Later in the week, interest rate decisions are due in Australia, Canada, Switzerland and the US.
There are no significant events in Monday’s UK corporate calendar. Later in the week, however, half-year results are due from equipment hire firm Ashtead Group and housebuilder Berkeley Group.
Contributed by Alliance News
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