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Transparent wearable monitor gives real-time warnings about overexposure to sunlight

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Transparent wearable monitor gives real-time warnings about overexposure to sunlight


Transparent UVA health care. UVA radiation in sunlight can penetrate deep into the skin and cause long-term risks to skin health. Kim and team developed a fully transparent sensor that reacts to sunlight and allows real-time monitoring of UVA exposure on the skin. The device offers the potential for integration into wearable items, such as glasses or patches, providing continuous skin protection in daily life. By selectively detecting UVA while remaining nearly invisible, the technology provides opportunities for personalized skin care and everyday health monitoring. Credit: Jnnovation Studio

Scientists in South Korea have unveiled a transparent, wearable sensor that monitors a user’s exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation in real-time. The technology could help prevent sunburn and long-term skin damage that can cause cancer.

Ultraviolet radiation is released naturally by the sun and artificially by tanning beds. The problem with overexposure is that the rays can penetrate deep into the skin and damage DNA, potentially causing cells to grow out of control and leading to cancer. In many countries, the majority of skin cancer cases are linked to this type of overexposure.

While wearing long clothes and hats and applying sunscreen provides valuable protection, the researchers wanted a simple device to alert wearers when exposure reached a certain level. Current sensors often lack the ability to track UVA and are opaque, which makes them uncomfortable and difficult to use in wearable tech like smart glasses.

In their study, published in the journal Science Advances, the researchers describe how they built their sensor layer by layer, starting with a piece of glass. On top of this transparent base, they stacked layers of oxide semiconductors that were also see-through and only reacted to UVA light. For the , the team used a transparent indium tin oxide film, ensuring the finished device was nearly invisible and could be easily incorporated into wearables.

To make the sensor a functional monitor, the researchers hooked it up to a small circuit board. This had an amplifier to boost faint UVA signals and a Bluetooth chip to send exposure data straight to a user’s phone.

Successful prototype

The research team tested their prototype extensively in natural sunlight on sunny and cloudy days, and the readings reliably matched professional UV monitoring equipment. Data was wirelessly sent to a user’s phone, where it calculated their accumulated UVA dose and sent a real-time warning when exposure reached 80% of the required amount to cause sunburn.

“This health care device, integrated with a smartphone, demonstrates its potential as a practical approach to prevent risks associated with prolonged UV exposure,” wrote the researchers in their paper.

The device is not yet consumer-ready. Although it has successfully passed laboratory and initial outdoor tests, the team notes that further work is needed before it becomes publicly available. This includes long-term field testing and user studies to confirm the device can survive daily use. The researchers also want to make the entire system smaller so it can be comfortably integrated into wearables such as glasses, smartwatches, and skin patches.

Written for you by our author Paul Arnold, edited by Gaby Clark, and fact-checked and reviewed by Robert Egan—this article is the result of careful human work. We rely on readers like you to keep independent science journalism alive.
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More information:
Yu Bin Kim et al, Transparent UVA photodetectors based on oxide semiconductors for real-time wearable skin protection monitoring, Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aea7218

© 2025 Science X Network

Citation:
Transparent wearable monitor gives real-time warnings about overexposure to sunlight (2025, October 17)
retrieved 17 October 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-transparent-wearable-real-overexposure-sunlight.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





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The Coziest I’ve Been Was While Testing Gifts for the Cold Person in Your Life

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The Coziest I’ve Been Was While Testing Gifts for the Cold Person in Your Life


It’s getting cold outside, and it’s even worse for a person who’s always cold. The first crisp morning of the season sends your poor, perpetually cold loved one diving under the bedsheets, digging for the fuzzy socks, or fiddling with the thermostat when your back is turned. (Don’t look—they’re probably doing it right now.) This year, give the gift of warmth to your friend who is constantly shivering, sniffling, and suffering. From protective layers for outdoor adventures to cozy accessories, here’s how to show your hypothermic human you care.

For more ideas, check out our many holiday gift guides, including the best Gifts for Birders, Gifts for Golfers, and Gifts for Hikers, Backpackers, and Outdoorsy People, and more.

Updated October 2025: We added the Xero Pagosa Cozy, the Skida Fleece Scarflette, the Dreo Whole Room Heater, the Rumpl Wrap Sack, the Finisterre RNLI Jumper, In the Kingdom of Ice book, and the Fjällräven Expedition Down Lite Jacket.



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I Tested Over 40 Heat Protectant Sprays to Find the Best of the Best

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I Tested Over 40 Heat Protectant Sprays to Find the Best of the Best


Compare Our Top Picks

Honorable Mentions

Photograph: Kat Merck

Sutra Heat Guard Blowout Cream for $24: I love Sutra’s IR2 hair straightener, so I had high hopes. This thick and almost fragrance-free cream is meant to protect up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit and reduce drying time, but my hair felt dried out after use.

Function of Beauty Smooth With It Blowout Mist for $13: This Target-exclusive spray is fortified with argan oil and Tsubaki oil (from camellia fruit), a common ingredient in many K-beauty products. It is a spray, but I was surprised to find it comes out with an opaque, creamlike consistency rather than as a liquid, which means it goes on a bit heavy. That said, sometimes my frizzy hair needs something on the heavy side, and this definitely fit the bill—it did visibly reduce frizz after blow-drying, and my hair felt very soft.

Remilia Rice & Shine Leave-in Conditioner for $24: This is a hydrating, heat-protective leave-in spray with a cool, cork-topped bottle and an inoffensive scent. However, it did not do much for frizz in my tests.

Mark Anthony Grow Long Anti-Frizz Shield Ultimate Blowout for $10: This anti-frizz spray is a great value, but it didn’t work wonders on my 3a curls, and Function of Beauty’s Smooth With It (above) outperformed it in this price category.

Raw Sugar Multi Miracle Leave-in Conditioner for $10: I really liked the wood accent and spray nozzle on the bottle of this heat-protective leave-in conditioner, but it did not perform well on frizz in my tests.

Biolage Thermal Setting Spray for $24: I like the Biolage brand, and the fact that this can be used on either damp or dry hair (though it doesn’t give a temperature limit). However, whether I used it wet or dry, I found it left parts of my hair stiff. Some online reviewers, though, found they quite liked it for setting curls.

Image may contain Bottle Cosmetics Shaker and Cylinder

Courtesy of Emi Jay

Emi Jay Heavenly Hair Milk for $40: This is not exactly a spray, but it is lightweight enough that it could be, and it comes in a cool bottle with a pump that twists down to become a flush cap. It’s a combination heat protectant and detangler that happens to be an excellent anti-frizz product on its own (it supposedly cuts down on drying time too, but this feature wasn’t notable in my testing). This was at one time my first pick for best smelling, but someone online said it smelled like Play-Doh, and I was never able to un-smell it.

Moroccanoil Perfect Defense Heat Protectant for $15 (2 ounces): All of Moroccanoil’s products come infused with argan oil, and this spray that protects up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit is no exception. It can be used on wet or dry hair, and it’s extremely lightweight—I thought it felt and acted like a light hairspray, for better or for worse. I didn’t love the scent or the super-fine, alcohol-based mist—in fact, I was worried it would dry my hair out, but it didn’t.

Milk_Shake Lifestyling Amazing Anti-Humidity Spray for $28 and Smoothing Cream for $24: I love Milk_Shake as a brand, and these products were just fine, but didn’t stand out enough to qualify as top picks.

Verb Frizz Defense Smoothing Spray for $22: I’d heard great things about this frizz-fighting spray, and indeed it’s lightweight, feels non-drying, and doesn’t leave any heavy residue. It’d be a great pick if you have straight or wavy hair, but there are more effective options to cut frizz for type 3 and 4 curls if you’re trying to achieve a blowout.

Reverie Milk Anti-Frizz Leave-in Nourishing Treatment for $44: I loved this cream’s spicy botanical scent, stylish glass bottle, and the fact that it protects up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit (according to Reverie; it does not say so on the bottle). It worked fine! There are just too many better options for half the price. (Ed. note: This is reviews editor Adrienne So’s current favorite heat protectant for thick, wavy 2a hair. She mainly likes the ease of application and frizz prevention, but admits that it’s stupid expensive.)

Others We Tried

Image may contain Bottle Cosmetics Lipstick and Lotion

Photograph: Kat Merck

Hairstory Primer Smoothing & Protecting Mist for $36: This leave-in mist protects up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit and is designed to work with the whole Hairstory New Wash Method ($64), which involves a detergent-free “cleansing cream.” I tried it and it reminded me of the whole “no ’poo” movement of the early aughts, where practitioners eschewed modern shampoo for more natural options like baking soda. This method is not for everyone, but if you do try it, I don’t think the mist adds enough to justify the cost.

IGK Good Behavior Spirulina Protein Smoothing Spray for $38: This aerosol felt like it dried my hair out a bit, and it has the same unpleasant scent as the 4-in-1 (above). I didn’t care for it in a liquid spray, but it was overwhelming in aerosol cloud form.

R and Co Bleu Hypersonic Heat Styling Mist a narrow cylindrical blue bottle on a beige countertop

Photograph: Kat Merck

R+Co Bleu Hypersonic Heat Styling Mist for $36: This high-tech-looking aerosol in a recycled aluminum bottle was a favorite during the early weeks of testing—I liked its protection up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit and its frizz-fighting properties. However, it does use a polymer and resin complex to smooth hair, and over time I noticed it was leaving a sticky residue on my hands and heat tools.

Cloud 9 Miracle Repair 3-in-1 Leave-in Conditioning Spray for $26 and Cloud 9 Blowout Blow Dry Serum for $23: People rave about Cloud 9 online, and I really like parent brand Beautopia’s vibrating hair straightener, but neither of these products did much to cut down frizz during my tests.

Mane Cotton Candy Dry Texture and Volume Spray for $26: Protective up to 380 degrees Fahrenheit, this styler is supposed to add volume, and I had high hopes given my positive experience with this brand’s Temp Check heat protectant (above). However, it had the opposite effect on my mid-back-length hair.

Briogeo Farewell Frizz Blowdry Perfection & Heat Protectant Creme for $26: I have thick, unruly hair, and this cream protectant felt like it actually made my hair unmanageable and harder to style. It may speak to its effectiveness, but I felt like I had to take too many passes with a titanium flat iron turned up to max temperature.

Image may contain Bottle Cosmetics and Perfume

Photograph: Kat Merck

Pureology Instant Levitation Mist for $32: Pureology is known for its formulas made specifically for color-treated hair, so I was hoping this would be a great-performing solution for those who don’t want to risk ruining their expensive highlights or balayage. However, it seemed to leave a dull residue, and neither I nor my short-haired tester found the volumizing feature to be very effective.

R+Co Chainmail Thermal Protection Styling Spray for $36: I appreciated this spray for its ability to add lots of visible shine, but the aerosol nozzle was not as targeted as I’d have liked, creating such a wide-ranging, fine-mist fog that it was nearly impossible not to breathe it in. I also found the cologne-like scent overwhelming.

Milk_Shake Lifestyling Thermo-Protector for $40: I usually love Milk_Shake products, but this aerosol spray felt like it dried out my hair and amplified my already hard-to-handle frizz after blow-drying. It also did not add a discernible amount of shine as promised.

FoxyBae Cool AF Heat Protectant + Biotin for $16: I like the cheery design of this pump spray bottle, as well as the fact it can be used on wet or dry hair. However, it didn’t seem as effective as other brands and was greasy when used on dry hair.

Chi 44 Iron Guard for $19: This drugstore stalwart works well to protect from heat while also tamping down frizz, and the new Botanical Bliss scent is an improvement over the original formula’s. However, it left a sticky residue on my hands and heat tools.

Neqi Diamond Glass Styling Spray for $12: I love Neqi’s hair perfume spray, so I had high hopes for its heat protectant, but it just didn’t do much to reduce frizz.

FAQs

How Do Heat Protectants Work?

Ingredients vary, but most heat protectants work much the same way: by deploying ingredients like copolymers or silicone that coat the hair shaft to slow (though not totally stop) heat conduction. Many heat protectants also include moisturizers to help seal and smooth the cuticle to reduce frizz. Because heat protectants can only slow, not completely stop, heat damage, it’s still important to use the lowest heat settings you can for your hair for the least amount of time.

I wash my 3a curly hair twice a week, then blow-dry and follow up with a straightening iron. I touch up my hair with a straightening iron daily in between. I tested the heat protectants in this guide in the course of my normal day-to-day life over a period of four months. I used each product on either damp hair before blow-drying or on dry hair before the straightening iron—whichever was indicated by the instructions. If a product could be used on damp and dry hair, I tried it both ways.


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Smartwatches achieve centimeter-level location accuracy with new tracking algorithms

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Smartwatches achieve centimeter-level location accuracy with new tracking algorithms


Precise centimeter-level positioning on a smartwatch during four hours of data in Dunedin, New Zealand. The dots show the repeatability of one second of data in comparison to precise benchmark coordinates. The repeatability of the positioning is about 8 cm, i.e., at most twice as large as the smartwatch diameter of 4 cm (displayed to scale). Credit: University of Otago

University of Otago researchers have developed algorithms that improve the precision of location tracking in smartwatches, a world-first development.

Led by Associate Professor Robert Odolinski, a Visiting Researcher with Google from Otago’s School of Surveying, in collaboration with Google’s Android Context group and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team demonstrated that a smartwatch determined its location with centimeter-level precision over four hours with a stationary setup.

This was achieved by using the Google GnssLogger app and combining precise signals from several global navigation . The results have just been published in the journal GPS Solutions.

Associate Professor Odolinski says that for decades, achieving centimeter-level positioning has required industries such as surveying, construction, and engineering to invest in expensive GPS equipment.

“While the use of the so-called carrier-phase signals has long been known to improve the positioning performance, the specialized antenna and receivers needed for this have traditionally come at a cost far beyond the reach of many who would benefit from the technology.”

GPS was introduced in a wearable watch in 1999, but hardware and power consumption limitations prevented it from tracking the carrier-phase signals needed for high-precision results. Recent advances in smartwatches now make this possible.

“This is just the beginning of what wearable high-precision positioning can potentially achieve,” says Odolinski.

More information:
Phyo C Thu et al, First smartwatch RTK results: performance analysis of instantaneous, single-frequency multi-GNSS cm-level positioning with comparison to Google Pixel 5 smartphones, GPS Solutions (2025). DOI: 10.1007/s10291-025-01965-y

Citation:
Smartwatches achieve centimeter-level location accuracy with new tracking algorithms (2025, October 18)
retrieved 18 October 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-smartwatches-centimeter-accuracy-tracking-algorithms.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





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