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More people are using AI in court, not a lawyer. It could cost you money—and your case

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More people are using AI in court, not a lawyer. It could cost you money—and your case


Credit: Pavel Danilyuk from Pexels

When you don’t have the money for a lawyer to represent you in a court case, even judges can understand the temptation to get free help from anywhere—including tapping into generative artificial intelligence (AI).

As Judge My Anh Tran in the County Court of Victoria said this year: “Generative AI can be beguiling, particularly when the task of representing yourself seems overwhelming. However, a litigant runs the risk that their case will be damaged, rather than helped, if they choose to use AI without taking the time to understand what it produces, and to confirm that it is both legally and factually accurate.”

Our research has so far found 84 reported cases of generative AI use in Australian courts since ChatGPT launched in late 2022. While cases involving lawyers have had the most media attention, we found more than three-quarters of those cases (66 of 84) involved people representing themselves, known as “self-represented litigants.”

Those people—who sometimes have valid legal claims—are increasingly turning to different generative AI tools to help on everything from property and will disputes, to employment, bankruptcy, defamation, and migration cases.

Our ongoing research is part of an upcoming report for the Australian Academy of Law, being launched later in the year. But we’re sharing our findings now because this is a growing real-world problem.

Just this month, Queensland’s courts issued updated guidance for self-represented litigants, warning using “inaccurate AI-generated information in court” could cause delays, or worse: “a costs order may be made against you.”

As New South Wales Chief Justice Andrew Bell observed in a decision in August this year, the self-represented respondent was “admirably candid with the court in relation to her use of AI.” But while she was “doing her best to defend her interests,” her AI-generated submissions were often “misconceived, unhelpful and irrelevant.”

If you’re considering using AI in your own case, here’s what you need to know.

The temptation to rely on AI

Self-representation in Australian courts is more common than many people realize.

For example, 79% of litigants in migration matters at the Federal Circuit Court were unrepresented in 2023-2024.

The Queensland District Court has said “a significant number of civil proceedings involve self-represented parties.” The County Court of Victoria last year created easy-to-use forms for self-represented litigants.

But as the availability of free or low-cost generative AI tools increases, so does the temptation to use AI, as our recent research paper highlighted.

The risks if AI gets it wrong

Relying on AI tools that produce fake law can result in court documents being rejected, and valid claims being lost in court.

If you’re a self-represented litigant, the court system gives you the right to provide evidence and argument to support your case. But if that evidence or argument is not real, the court must reject it. That means you could lose your day in court.

In those circumstances, the court may make a costs order against a self-represented litigant—meaning you could end up having to pay your opponent’s legal costs.

Lawyers here and overseas have also been caught relying on inaccurate AI-generated law in court.

But a key difference is that if a lawyer uses fake cases that the court rejects, this is likely to amount to negligence. Their client might be able to sue the lawyer.

When someone representing themselves makes the error, they only have themselves to blame.

How can you reduce your risks?

The safest advice is to avoid AI for legal research.

There are many free, publicly available legal research websites for Australian law. The best known is the Australasian Legal Information Institute (AUSTLII). Another is Jade.

Court libraries and law schools are open to the public and have online resources about how to conduct legal research. Libraries will often have textbooks that set out principles of law.

Australian courts, such as the Supreme Court of Queensland, Supreme Court of NSW and Supreme Court of Victoria, have all issued guidance on when generative AI can and cannot be used.

Check if there’s a guide from the relevant court for your case. Follow their advice.

If you still plan to use generative AI, you must check everything against a reliable source. You need to search for each case you plan to cite, not just to make sure it exists, but also that it says what an AI summary says it does.

And as Queensland’s guide for self-litigants warns: “Do not enter any private, confidential, suppressed or legally privileged information into a Generative AI chatbot […] Anything you put into a Generative AI chatbot could become publicly known. This could result in you unintentionally breaching suppression orders, or accidentally disclosing your own or someone else’s private or confidential information.”

Conducting legal research and producing is not easy. That’s what trained lawyers are for, which is why affordable, accessible legal services are necessary for a fair justice system.

AI is being used to address an access to justice problem that it is not well-suited to—at least, not yet.

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War in Iran Spiked Oil Prices. Trump Will Decide How High They Go

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War in Iran Spiked Oil Prices. Trump Will Decide How High They Go


Oil prices surged on Monday following the United States and Israel’s attacks on Iran this weekend, as some analysts predict that it could soon reach over $100 a barrel. Amid escalating attacks on oil and gas infrastructure in the region and stopped traffic in a crucial shipping route, experts tell WIRED that how the White House directs the conflict over the coming week—as well as Iran’s and other oil producers’ responses—will be key in determining just how high prices eventually climb.

The price of Brent crude jumped to almost $80 a barrel—a nearly 13 percent increase over Friday’s prices—when markets opened Sunday evening. The market has been pricing in the risk of the US’s aggressive stance toward Iran for months, says Tyson Slocum, the director of the energy program at the progressive think tank Public Citizen, insulating prices from an even more severe jump. But the disorganized US follow-through to the initial attack—which killed Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader—is introducing much more uncertainty.

“For all of Trump saying, ‘Hey, you know, we took out Khamenei, we knew exactly where he was,’—apparently we didn’t do the same for Iran’s attack capabilities,” Slocum says. “It seems like our plan was to take out Khamenei and then hope for the best.”

Iran controls the Strait of Hormuz, one of the most important shipping routes in the world. One out of every five barrels of oil travels through the strait. Major members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the world’s dominant oil and gas cartel, rely almost entirely on the strait to get their product out of the region.

“As long as I have been in the oil market, Iran and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz has been kind of the ultimate risk scenario for prices,” says Canadian oil market researcher Rory Johnston. Usually, he says, OPEC would respond to an international crisis that involves oil by increasing production. “But if OPEC’s emergency production is on the other side of the problem area, it doesn’t do as much good.” Johnston compares the region to a garden hose, where a kink in one section can decrease output.

Throughout the weekend, while Iranian officials sent mixed messages on whether the strait is formally closed, traffic through the strait dropped to near zero. Insurance companies have jacked up policies on ships traveling through the strait, while some ships have been hit by drone strikes. What seems to be happening, Johnston says, is more of a “voluntary closure” than an official one.

There are worse scenarios for oil prices that could unfold in the coming days than just the closure of the strait. In September of 2019, drones hit major oil production facilities east of the Saudi Arabian capital of Riyadh. While the Houthi rebel movement in Yemen publicly claimed responsibility for the attack, US officials blamed Iran. The attack temporarily shot oil prices up 15 percent.

On Monday, Saudi officials said that they had closed a major domestic refinery following drone strikes, while a few other oil and gas fields across the region were also shut down. Qatar LNG, the country’s state-run liquefied natural gas producer, said Monday it was shutting down production due to drone strikes, sending gas prices in Europe spiking. Johnston says that continued, serious strikes like these could have a massive impact on prices.

“Going back to the garden hose thing … [that would be] more like taking a gun and blasting off the faucet,” Johnston says.

Clayton Seigle, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a think tank based in Washington, DC, agrees. “The more desperate Iran becomes, the greater likelihood for it to use energy as leverage to advance its interests,” he says. “If tankers abandon the Gulf trade in large numbers, and certainly if major oil infrastructure is damaged, we’re likely to see triple-digit crude prices again.”



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Apple’s Price-Friendly iPhone 17e Gets a MagSafe Upgrade

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Apple’s Price-Friendly iPhone 17e Gets a MagSafe Upgrade


Apple’s first hardware launch of 2026—not counting the second-generation AirTag it debuted at the end of January—is the next iteration of the price-friendly iPhone: the iPhone 17e. The company announced the handset via an online press release, ahead of its “Special Apple Experience” in New York City this Wednesday.

While last year’s iPhone 16e was widely criticized for its questionable value—it replaced the iPhone “SE” models from yesteryear and jacked the price up from $429 to $599—the newer model in the series has some notable features that were missing in its predecessor, like Apple’s MagSafe technology and the Dynamic Island. The price remains firm at $599 despite the challenging economic environment and the memory shortage.

The iPhone 17e opens for preorder today and will be widely available on March 11.

E for Effort

Apple has stuck with the same 6.1-inch OLED display as the iPhone 16e, down to the same old-school notch design. That means you won’t get the sleek look of the Dynamic Island, which also doubles as a live notifications display. Thankfully, if you’re worried about durability, this iPhone has the same Ceramic Shield 2 front glass protecting the display as its pricier siblings, giving it a nice strength boost from the previous generation.

Apple did not upgrade the screen with its ProMotion refresh rate tech, as it’s stuck at 60 Hz. This capability is the number of times the screen refreshes with images—the higher the better, as your display will appear smoother, with interactions feeling more fluid. It’s something the company has offered in the iPhone Pro models, and finally enabled in 2025 with its entire iPhone 17 range, but you’ll have to upgrade for the luxury. It’s a shame, as most budget Android phones offer 120 Hz as standard, even devices as cheap as $200. That also means the iPhone 17e doesn’t have the option to enable an always-on display.

Arguably, the best upgrade is the addition of MagSafe, the magnetic ring that has been embedded in the back of mainline iPhones since the iPhone 12. Apple confusingly didn’t include it with the iPhone 16e despite a healthy accessory market that would have made the iPhone 16e a little more versatile. While the 16e still had basic wireless charging, with the iPhone 17e, you can take advantage of faster magnetic wireless charging at 15 watts (plus access to MagSafe accessories).

This iPhone is powered by the A19 chipset, which debuted on the iPhone 17, though there’s one less graphics core, so graphics performance is a small step below. That’s in line with what Apple did with the iPhone 16e and the iPhone 16 that came before. Apple didn’t share RAM details yet, but it’s likely that the iPhone 17e has 8 GB of RAM like its predecessor, whereas the rest of the iPhone 17 lineup has 12 GB.

Courtesy of Apple



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A Former Top Trump Official Is Going After Prediction Markets

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A Former Top Trump Official Is Going After Prediction Markets


Mick Mulvaney wants to be clear: He really likes gambling. “You’re talking to the only former member of Congress who’s won a poker tournament in Las Vegas,” he tells WIRED. When he was representing South Carolina in the US House of Representatives, he pushed for the state to allow sports betting.

Because of his background, Mulvaney, a former Trump administration official, says he can tell when something is gambling—and that the sports contracts on prediction markets fit the bill. “You know the old saying, if it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it’s a duck?” he asks. “If it looks like a sports bet, if it sounds like a sports bet, if it pays off like a sports bet, if it’s on a sporting event—it’s a sports bet.”

Mulvaney, who was President Trump’s acting White House chief of staff from 2019 to 2020, is now leading a new advocacy coalition called Gambling Is Not Investing, which will lobby for prediction markets to be regulated by state gambling laws. He joins a number of other prominent Republicans calling for similar rules. Earlier this month, former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and current Utah Governor Spencer Cox both spoke out against the current federal approach to regulating prediction markets. (Christie also used the “quack like a duck” line.)

These developments are part of a fierce political battle over how prediction markets are regulated. On the federal level, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) oversees these platforms, which are currently classified as derivatives markets. While a traditional sportsbook will offer customers a chance to place a bet on which team will win or lose a game, a prediction market will offer an “event contract” on the outcome. Critics view the difference as little more than a loophole, and state authorities from across the country are currently pursuing lawsuits against prediction market companies like Kalshi, alleging that they violate state gambling laws. (While these markets offer event contracts on a wide variety of topics, sporting events are their most popular offerings.) “I love the CFTC, but they’re not set up to do this,” says Mulvaney.

Recently, a group of 23 Democratic Senators sent the CFTC a letter urging it to allow these court cases to play out. It did not appear to go over well; CFTC head Michael Selig insists that prediction markets are correctly classified, and that his agency has jurisdiction over the industry. After Selig released a video promising to see those who “challenge our authority” in court, the CFTC even took the unprecedented step of filing a brief in support of the cryptocurrency platform Crypto.com, which faces a lawsuit from Nevada regulators over its prediction market offering.

During the Biden Administration, the CFTC took a notably different approach to prediction markets, even fining Polymarket $1.4 million for failing to register as a derivatives market and temporarily blocking it from operating in the US.

Now, though, the agency’s friendlier approach appears to dovetail with the White House’s interest in the industry. The Trumps have numerous ties to the prediction market world. Truth Social, the social media platform majority-owned by President Trump and his family, is planning its own prediction market offering, reportedly called Truth Predict. Donald Trump Jr is an advisor to both Kalshi and Polymarket, and his venture capital firm has invested in the latter.

But the launch of Gambling Not Investing demonstrates that there is a growing wing of the Republican party that feels the prediction markets need more guardrails. Its founding member organizations include a number of conservative consumer advocacy groups, including Moms for America, Consumer Action for a Strong Economy, and Frontiers of Freedom.

Mulvaney is hopeful that he can make his case to the current White House. “Their default position is going to be to regulate less, not more. And I respect that,” he says. “But I also know that in the first Trump administration, when there were common sense reasons to do some regulation, that we did that.”



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