The “Golden Age of Radio” supposedly ended in the ’50s, with the advent of television. But guess what? TV shows were broadcast with radio signals. And today? Radio is everywhere. You have a radio in your car, but maybe you prefer to stream music on your phone. Well, how does the music gets to you? Via radio waves from cell towers, is how. Your GPS runs on radio too. For that matter, so does your home Wi-Fi.

Radio waves are a kind of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. But they’re at the bottom end of the spectrum, which makes them harmless to humans, because low frequency means low energy. (High-frequency, high-energy radiation like x-rays or gamma rays are another story.) That’s part of the reason radio waves are ideal for wireless communication. They can also travel vast distances and pass through obstacles like walls.

So radio is as relevant as ever. But did you know you can easily build your own radio transmitter and receiver at home with some simple supplies? I’m going to show you how. It’s a fun project and a good excuse to explore some cool physics.

What Is an Electromagnetic Wave?

For that matter, what is a wave? Imagine you have a long string with one end tied to a door handle. You’re standing across the room, holding the other end. Now, if you shake your hand up and down, you’ll create a disturbance on the string, and that disturbance will move along the length of the string. That’s a wave. Basically, waves transfer energy without transferring matter.

What if you take away the string? In that case, you’d look like a sad human shaking hands with an imaginary friend. Without the string, there’s no wave. Waves need something to “wave” in—they need a medium. You can’t have ocean waves without water. You can’t have sound waves in space, since there’s no air for them to ripple through.

But what if, instead of string, you shook an electric charge (like an electron) up and down? Electric charges create electric fields, so this moving charge will create an oscillating electric field, and that makes an electric wave. And here’s where it gets weird: It turns out that a changing electric field also creates a changing magnetic field. And vice versa: A changing magnetic field creates a changing electric field. We know this from Maxwell’s equations.

This means we have electric and magnetic oscillations traveling together, and each is the medium of the other. The combination is called electromagnetic radiation, also known as “light.” Yes, radio waves are just light, and light can self-propagate through empty space—at the speed of light, as a matter of fact.

A Piezoelectric Radio Station

OK, let’s make a radio wave! For a transmitter, all you need is a grill lighter—you know, the kind with the long tube. When you hold down the trigger, gas is released through the end of the tube and is ignited with a small spark. Here’s one I cut in half:

For most of the past year, it looked like prediction markets had kicked off a new golden age of fraud. On Polymarket, traders raked in fortunes from suspiciously timed bets on geopolitical events like the raid on Venezuela and the Iran War. It wasn’t clear whether the US government would bother pursuing some of the most flagrant bad actors, since Polymarket’s crypto-based platform was technically offshore and not regulated or licensed within the country.

Now, however, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which oversees prediction markets, wants you to know that it’s watching very, very closely. The agency is searching for suspicious behavior from traders within the United States who have been sneaking onto offshore markets, including Polymarket’s crypto platform—which is blocked stateside—by using virtual private networks. “We’re going to find them, and we’re going to bring actions,” agency chairman Michael Selig told WIRED this week, speaking from the CFTC’s headquarters in a Washington, DC, office park called Patriots Plaza II.

Selig says the agency, which is especially lean right now, is staffing up. Like so many other AI-pilled workplaces, the CFTC is also leaning into automation to handle the growing workload, including tools that analyze trading patterns and flag potential manipulation. “You’ve got so much data,” Selig says. “When we feed it into AI, we get really great information. It can help us understand things, like where we might want to investigate, or when we might need to send a subpoena to a trader.”

In addition to proprietary surveillance systems developed in-house, the agency’s arsenal includes third-party blockchain tracing tools like Chainalysis for crypto platforms, and market abuse detection software including Nasdaq Smarts for centralized markets. (Beyond Nasdaq Smarts, the agency did not specify which AI tools it uses and declined to share more specific examples.)

Prominent prediction market companies have recently started touting all the work they’re doing to catch sketchy bettors. US-based exchange Kalshi, Polymarket’s primary competitor, eagerly announced that it has suspended and penalized customers flagged for insider trading and market manipulation.

In April, after significant backlash over suspected insider trading, Polymarket announced its own partnership with Chainalysis. It was part of a broader push to crack down on market manipulation. While the company’s CEO, Shayne Coplan, had talked in the past about why insider trading could be good for prediction markets, Polymarket changed its approach this spring, updating its market integrity rules and announcing a partnership with Palantir for its US-based sports markets (the Chainalysis deal focuses on the offshore platform). The company did not respond to WIRED’s request for comments for this story.

According to Chainalysis spokesperson Maddie Kenney, the company analyzes the same data for both clients. “The value Chainalysis adds for our customers, including Polymarket and the CFTC, is organizing the data and enriching it with the attributions and insights we’ve accumulated over years in the space,” she says. Certainly sounds like a good deal for Chainalysis!

The CFTC’s assurances that it is hunting insiders comes at a moment of intense scrutiny on prediction markets. In March, Connecticut senator Chris Murphy told WIRED that he suspected White House staffers were engaged in insider trading on war-related contracts. At the beginning of April, seven members of Congress asked the CFTC to investigate overseas markets offering war-themed events contracts. In a letter, the lawmakers argued that the commission had the authority and responsibility to curb insider trading, especially on “morally obscene” trades on military action. Selig recently told Congress that the company is pursuing “hundreds, if not thousands” of insider trading tips.

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