Tech
Ultra-thin 3D display delivers wide-angle, highly-detailed images
Researchers have developed an ultra-thin 3D display with a wide viewing angle, clear image quality and vivid display depth. By overcoming tradeoffs that typically limit glasses-free 3D displays, the advance could open new possibilities for highly detailed interactive experiences in health care, education and entertainment.
“The new display is just 28 mm thick, dramatically slimmer than conventional directional backlight systems, which typically exceed 500 mm,” said research team leader Xu Liu, from Zhejiang University in China. “This level of compactness, combined with the substantial boost in resolution we achieved, represents an important step toward making the technology practical for real-world products.”
In Optica, the researchers demonstrate an ultra-slim 32-inch directional backlight-based prototype based on the new display design. The prototype is roughly the size of a large computer monitor, has a wide viewing angle of over 120° and a large 3D display volume of 28 × 16 × 39 inches.
“The 3D display maintains crisp image quality across the entire imaging depth, which can help users visualize depth and spatial relationships for tasks requiring precise spatial understanding,” said Rengmao Wu from Zhejiang University, corresponding author of the paper. “This could, for example, help doctors easily see complex anatomical structures such as tumors or fractures in real time.”
Seeing 3D without glasses
3D light field displays create a scene by using a directional backlight to direct light in a highly controlled manner. This design allows each eye to see a slightly different image, creating a natural sense of depth without requiring the viewer to wear 3D glasses. The quality of the rendered 3D effect depends on how accurately the voxels—the 3D pixels that make up the image—are constructed, as well as on their number and size, since smaller, well-constructed voxels enable finer detail and more realistic depth.
“In light field displays employing diffraction gratings or cylindrical lens arrays, voxel size is fundamentally constrained by the angular spread of backlight illumination,” said Xinzhu Sang from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in China, who made key contributions to the work. “Our system significantly improves voxel construction accuracy compared to existing scattering backlight-based 3D displays, achieving highly miniaturized voxels and substantial resolution enhancement.”
Freeform optics—advanced optical elements that use freeform surfaces to precisely control light—provided the design flexibility needed to create the ultra-slim yet expansive directional backlight system. Each beam-shaping channel of the display integrates an LED source, an aperture and a freeform lens that precisely redirects incident light to generate uniform illumination with precise directionality. The researchers tiled these beam-shaping channels to create a tailored large-area directional backlight system. The display also uses a module consisting of two layers of micro-triangular prisms to significantly improve backlight irradiance uniformity while preserving the directionality.

Clear gains over conventional displays
After making a 32-inch prototype based on the new design, the researchers evaluated its performance using a 50-mm fixed-focus lens with an f/2.8 aperture, a setup often used to simulate how the human eye perceives depth and clarity.
In one experiment, they used the ultra-thin 3D light-field display to render images of an astronaut floating outside a space station. The display exhibited a continuous depth range of 1 m and a viewing angle of more than 120°, providing an immersive and realistic visual experience.
They also compared the new design with conventional scattering backlight displays, finding that it produced six times smaller voxels and maintained resolution even when viewed from farther away. The display was also about 100-fold more efficient at using visual information to generate images than scattering backlight displays.
The researchers are now working to further reduce the thickness and weight of the device while improving its optical efficiency. For commercialization, they point out that more work is needed to develop smaller pixel structures, increase pixel density and optimize pixel shape to enhance compatibility with 3D display technology.
More information:
Zijun Zhang et al, Miniaturized-voxel light field panel displaybased on an ultra-slim and large-area freeform directional backlight, Optica (2025). DOI: 10.1364/optica.571647
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Ultra-thin 3D display delivers wide-angle, highly-detailed images (2025, November 5)
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Tech
FDA Approves Pill Version of Wegovy
The US Food and Drug Administration today approved a pill version of the blockbuster anti-obesity drug Wegovy. Made by Novo Nordisk, the pill is taken once a day. The company’s original version of Wegovy is a weekly injection. Both drugs contain the same active ingredient, semaglutide.
“This allows patients with obesity who want to lose weight to have a choice between a once weekly injection or a daily tablet,” says Martin Holst Lange, chief scientific officer at Novo Nordisk.
With the soaring popularity of injectable GLP-1 drugs for weight loss, Novo Nordisk and other pharmaceutical companies have been racing to make effective pill versions that could be preferable for some patients. These drugs mimic a naturally occurring hormone in the body that acts on the brain and gut to promote a feeling of fullness.
In clinical trial results published in the New England Journal of Medicine, participants who took the pill achieved an average weight loss of 13.6 percent by 64 weeks. Nearly 30 percent of people lost 20 percent or more of their weight. The study also showed improvements in cardiovascular disease risk and physical activity levels similar to the injectable version.
While pills can sometimes be a more convenient option, patients may not always take them as prescribed, making them less effective. The clinical trial investigators estimated that in an ideal scenario where participants take the pill every day as prescribed, weight loss would be 16.6 percent—which is similar to results seen with injectable Wegovy.
Novo Nordisk first won approval for an oral semaglutide, sold under the brand name Rybelsus, in 2019 to treat type 2 diabetes. That drug has never been approved for obesity and is not as effective for weight loss as newer GLP-1 medications. The Wegovy pill is essentially a higher-dose version of Rybselsus.
“The efficacy for the obesity pill at the end of the day is driven by dose. Higher doses are required to achieve full weight-loss potential for obesity,” Lange says. The Wegovy pill is 25 milligrams while Rybelsus is 14 milligrams.
The most common side effects of oral Wegovy include nausea and vomiting, which are also side effects of the injectable version.
Novo has not disclosed the exact timeline for the drug’s launch, but Lange says it will be available sometime in the first few months of 2026. Production of the medication is already underway at Novo Nordisk’s US manufacturing sites, and the company expects to have enough of the drug to meet US demand.
Tech
Mold Is the Enemy. A Good Dehumidifier Is the Solution
The first thing to think about is how you’re going to drain the water from the dehumidifier. In the basement, the best thing you can do is to use the dehumidifier’s continuous water drain tube to either the sump pump or a drain. If those options are not available, you might be emptying the tank multiple times a day. The first time I put a dehumidifier in the basement, the tank was filled in three hours’ time. It’s all about the drainage. Also, knowing how to read a label. If you have a 50-pint humdidifier that means the appliance can remove 50 pints of moisture from the air in a 24-hour period; it’s not the internal tank capacity. Also, look for the maximum area coverage. For example, the Honeywell Smart 50 pint can remove 50 pints of water from 4,000 sq ft—the size of a whole house—in 24 hours.
If you, like me, also need a dehumidifier in your city apartment, then consider buying one that’s easy to move around with wheels and a handle. Some of these machines are heavy. Also, a small dehumidifier in the bathroom is a good idea to keep the dampness at bay, especially if you have mold growing on your grout.
Lastly, do not drink the water collected in your dehumidifier tank. That water is not potable. Pour it down the drain. A dehumidifier is not creating distilled water; that’s a different process and appliance.
Tech
The Justice Department Released More Epstein Files—but Not the Ones Survivors Want
Over the weekend, the Justice Department released three new data sets comprising files related to Jeffrey Epstein. The DOJ had previously released nearly 4,000 documents prior to the Friday midnight deadline required by the Epstein Files Transparency Act.
As with Friday’s release, the new tranche appears to contain hundreds of photographs, along with various court records pertaining to Epstein and his associates. The first of the additional datasets, Data Set 5, is photos of hard drives and physical folders, as well as chain-of-custody forms. Data Set 6 appears to mostly be grand jury materials from cases out of the Southern District of New York against Epstein and his coconspirator, Ghislaine Maxwell. Data Set 7 includes more grand jury materials from those cases, as well as materials from a separate 2007 Florida grand jury.
Data Set 7 also includes an out-of-order transcript between R. Alexander Acosta and the DOJ’s Office of Professional Responsibility from 2019. According to the transcript, the OPR was investigating whether attorneys in the Southern District of Florida US Attorney’s Office committed professional misconduct by entering into a non-prosecution agreement with Epstein, who was being investigated by state law enforcement on sexual battery charges. Acosta was the head of the office when the agreement was signed.
Leading up to the deadline to release materials, the DOJ made three separate requests to unseal grand jury materials. Those requests were granted earlier this month.
The initial release of the Epstein files was met with protest, particularly by Epstein victims and Democratic lawmakers. “The public received a fraction of the files, and what we received was riddled with abnormal and extreme redactions with no explanation,” wrote a group of 19 women who had survived abuse from Epstein and Maxwell in a statement posted on social media. Senator Chuck Schumer said Monday that he would force a vote that would allow the Senate to sue the Trump administration for a full release of the Epstein files.
Along with the release of the new batch of files over the weekend, the Justice Department also removed at least 16 files from its initial offering, including a photograph that depicted Donald Trump. The DOJ later restored that photograph, saying in a statement on X that it had initially been flagged “for potential further action to protect victims.” The post went on to say that “after the review, it was determined there is no evidence that any Epstein victims are depicted in the photograph, and it has been reposted without any alteration or redaction.”
The Justice Department acknowledged in a fact sheet on Sunday that it has “hundreds of thousands of pages of material to release,” claiming that it has more than 200 lawyers reviewing files prior to release.
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