Business
With Trump’s tax bill set to dent giving by the wealthy, can middle-class donors make up the difference?
A woman puts money into a Salvation Army red kettle outside of Giant Supermarket in Alexandria, Virginia on November 22, 2023.
Eric Lee | The Washington Post | Getty Images
A version of this article first appeared in CNBC’s Inside Wealth newsletter with Robert Frank, a weekly guide to the high-net-worth investor and consumer. Sign up to receive future editions, straight to your inbox.
New tax laws risk reducing charitable giving by the wealthy next year, economists and academic experts say, leaving less-wealthy Americans to make up the difference.
Under President Donald Trump’s “big beautiful bill,” signed into law in July, several tax benefits for wealthy donors will be reduced. Top earners will also have their effective tax benefit cut from 37% to 35%. The Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy estimates this cap alone will reduce giving by $4.1 billion to approximately $6.1 billion annually.
In addition, the bill also limits tax incentives for itemizers, who will only be able to deduct donations in excess of 0.5% of their adjusted gross income.
At the same time, the bill also creates new incentives for middle- and lower-income filers to give. Starting next year, roughly 140 million taxpayers who do not itemize will still be able to deduct up to $1,000 in cash donations per filer. About 90% of taxpayers take the standard deduction since it was raised in 2017 during the first Trump administration.
While the tax changes may help broaden the base of giving, making it less dependent on the ultra-wealthy, experts are skeptical that the math will balance out.
Elena Patel, co-director of the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center, told Inside Wealth she is not optimistic that middle- and lower-income donors will be able to make up the shortfall as top earners give less.
“The nonprofit sector says that every dollar matters, and so incentivizing small donations from every household could have a meaningful impact for certain kinds of organizations. But the truth is that those kinds of contributions, however, just are not the bulk of charitable giving in the charitable sector,” she said. “That 2-percentage-point reduction [for top earners] might not seem like a big deal, but you have to keep in mind the scale of gifts that are being given among the highest-net-worth individuals in the United States.”
What the ‘K-shaped’ economy means for philanthropy
Charitable giving by American households continues to rise, reaching $392.45 billion last year, per the latest report by the Lilly School of Philanthropy for Giving USA. That’s up 52% since 2014.
But while donations are increasing, fewer Americans are giving as wealthy donors make up an increasing share of philanthropy, according to the university’s research.
Amir Pasic, dean of the Lilly School of Philanthropy, said incentivizing Americans of all income levels to donate is valuable in and of itself.
“We’ve had this general problem of dollars going up but the number of donors going down. This is a positive development because this could really increase the number of donors,” he said.
However, Pasic said, financial stress has limited everyday donors’ ability to give, while wealthier ones have been donating more. The share of Americans who donate dropped from 66.2% to 45.8% between 2000 and 2020, according to the university’s research.
“Economic uncertainty is always worrisome for people’s giving planning,” Pasic said.
This lopsided, or “K-shaped,” economy shows signs of getting worse amid tariff hikes and inflation. Lower- and middle-income consumers are spending less on everything from McDonald’s burgers to flights, while wealthier Americans flex their spending power.
Will the new deduction move the needle?
Economist Daniel Hungerman said he questions whether the new deduction would spur a substantial number of donations or mainly reward taxpayers who would have given anyway.
While the new deduction is larger, at $1,000 per single filer and $2,000 for married joint filers, a similar legislative effort in the ’80s failed to move the needle on charitable giving, he said. A temporary $300 deduction in 2020 spurred by the Covid pandemic only increased charitable donations by 5%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Trump’s tax bill also permanently raises the standard deduction, which significantly dampens charitable giving, Hungerman said. His study estimated that the higher deduction led to a permanent annual drop of $16 billion after the 2017 reforms.
However, raising the cap on the federal deduction for state and local taxes (better known as SALT) may provide some relief, he said. More taxpayers in high-cost states will benefit from itemizing, which encourages donations.
Hungerman said encouraging everyday donors to get in the habit of giving now could lead to higher levels of donating later if they increase their wealth.
“Maybe what is even more compelling to me is the long game, if we can send a message that everybody should give like this, and we change some of these people’s giving behavior,” he said. “Somewhere out there is the Bill Gates of tomorrow.”
What donors can do now
Currently, taxpayers who plan to take the standard deduction would benefit from waiting until 2026 to make donations. However, itemizers and high-income donors will get more bang for their buck by giving before the end of the year.
Robert Westley, senior vice president and regional wealth advisor at Northern Trust, said he is recommending that clients accelerate their donations to this year if they were planning to donate over the next four years.
Filers can only deduct up to 60% of their adjusted gross income for cash donations to public charities per year. The percentage drops to 30% for contributions of long-term appreciated assets like stock or real estate.
However, taxpayers can generally carry forward excess deductions over five years, he said. Still, it’s unclear how much bang they will get for their buck as the IRS has yet to specify whether excess deductions will be subject to the new floor and ceiling on charitable deductions, according to Westley.
For donors who want to give more now but are unsure of how to do so, he said he suggests giving to a donor-advised fund, or DAF. With a DAF, donors get an upfront deduction but can wait to allocate those funds to specific charities. For donors wanting to offload appreciated assets, it is much simpler to donate stock to a DAF than directly to a nonprofit.
Given this year’s stock run up, Westley said many of his clients are looking to donate appreciated stock, especially in tech, to offset gains as well as rebalance their portfolios.
“Their equities have appreciated, and some of them might now represent a higher percentage of the portfolio than their target asset allocation,” he said. “When you donate those risk assets to charity, you get the tax benefit, you don’t realize the gain, and when it’s done you’ve lowered your risk-asset allocation.”
Lawyers and tax planners are still waiting for guidance from the IRS on a bevy of issues stemming from the changes. For instance, it’s still unclear whether deductions will be capped for non-grantor trusts that make charitable donations, according to Westley.
But high-income donors still have many tools at their disposal, he said. Top earners who are 73 and older can effectively reduce their taxable income dollar-for-dollar by giving their required minimum distributions from an IRA to charity.
Westley said this tactic is popular among his retirement-age clients and likely to become even more so with the raised SALT cap. Filers can lower their income to qualify for the enhanced SALT deduction, which maxes out at $40,000 for taxpayers with incomes of $500,000 or less.
“You’re not even dealing with any of the itemized deduction rules,” he said. “There’s no ceiling on the tax benefit and there’s no floor or hurdle to get over for the deduction.”
BP has warned it expects to book up to five billion dollars (£3.7 billion) in write-downs across its gas and low-carbon energy division as it also said oil trading had been weak in its final quarter.
The oil giant joined FTSE 100 rival Shell, after it also last week cautioned over a weaker performance from trading, which comes amid a drop in the cost of crude.
BP said Brent crude prices averaged 63.73 dollars per barrel in the fourth quarter of last year compared with 69.13 dollars a barrel in the previous three months.
Oil prices have slumped in recent weeks, partly driven lower due to US President Donald Trump’s move to oust and detain Venezuela’s leader and lay claim to crude in the region, leading to fears of a supply glut.
In its update ahead of full-year results, BP also said it expects to book a four billion dollar (£3 billion) to five billion dollar (£3.7 billion) impairment in its so-called transition businesses, largely relating to its gas and low-carbon energy division.
But it said further progress had been made in slashing debts, with its net debt falling to between 22 billion and 23 billion dollars (£16.4 billion to £17.1 billion) at the end of 2025, down from 26.1 billion dollars (£19.4 billion) at the end of September.
It comes after the firm’s surprise move last month to appoint Woodside Energy boss Meg O’Neill as its new chief executive as Murray Auchincloss stepped down after less than two years in the role.
Ms O’Neill will start in the role on April 1, with Carol Howle, current executive vice president of supply, trading and shipping at BP, acting as chief executive on an interim basis until the new boss joins.
Ms O’Neill’s appointment has made history as she will become the first woman to run BP – and also the first to head up a top five global oil company – as well as being the first ever outsider to take on the post at BP.
Shares in BP fell 1% in morning trading on Wednesday after the latest update.
Business
Budget 2026: Kolkata realtors seek tax relief, revised affordable housing cap; eye demand revival – The Times of India
Real estate developers in Kolkata have urged the Centre to use the Union Budget to recalibrate housing policies to reflect rising land and construction costs, calling for higher tax benefits for homebuyers and a long-pending revision of the affordable housing definition to revive demand, especially in the mid-income segment, PTI reported.With the Budget set to be tabled on February 1, industry players said measures such as revisiting price caps for affordable homes, rationalising GST on under-construction properties and easing approval processes could significantly improve affordability and sales momentum.Sushil Mohta, president of CREDAI West Bengal and chairman of Merlin Group, said reforms must align with current market realities. “Revisiting the affordable housing definition, rationalising housing loan interest deductions and streamlining GST rates will significantly improve affordability and demand, especially for middle-income homebuyers,” he told PTI, adding that a policy push for rental housing and wider access to formal housing finance is crucial amid rapid urbanisation.Mahesh Agarwal, managing director of Purti Realty, said continued policy support through tax rationalisation and infrastructure spending remains critical. “A re-evaluation of affordable housing price limits in line with rising land and construction costs, along with adjustments to GST on under-construction property, will enhance affordability,” he said, stressing that simpler tax frameworks and incentives for first-time buyers would help stabilise the market and speed up project execution.Echoing similar concerns, Merlin Group MD Saket Mohta pointed to sharp increases in construction costs since the introduction of GST in 2017, underscoring the need for further rationalisation. He also called for raising the affordable housing price cap from Rs 45 lakh to around Rs 80–90 lakh and expanding unit size norms. “Mid-income housing will be the key demand driver going into 2026, and supportive tax and policy measures are essential to sustain growth,” he said.Eden Realty MD Arya Sumant said the Budget must strike a balance between fiscal discipline and growth-oriented reforms. “Higher home loan interest deductions for mid-income and first-time buyers, an updated affordable housing definition, GST rationalisation and faster approvals will improve project viability and speed-to-market,” he said, adding that sustained urban infrastructure investment would unlock demand across residential and commercial segments.Sahil Saharia, CEO of Bengal Shristi Infrastructure Development Ltd, said policy focus should shift towards large, integrated developments. “Support for mixed-use townships, rental housing and commercial hubs, along with faster clearances and digital single-window mechanisms, can help create self-sustained urban ecosystems and improve execution efficiency,” he said.Developers said clear and stable policy signals in the Budget could help restore homebuyer confidence, attract long-term capital and ensure sustainable growth for the real estate sector in eastern India.
Business
Asian stocks today: Markets remain mixed after Trump’s Iran remarks; HSI down over 76 points, Kospi gains 1.5% – The Times of India
Asian markets ended mixed on Thursday, after US President Donald Trump’s comments on Iran, saying that he was told “on good authority” that plans for executions in Iran have stopped. At the same time, oil prices dropped sharply, falling more than $2 a barrel.Hong Kong’s HSI was up 76 point or 0.28% down at 26,923. Nikkei plunged 230 points or 0.42% to trade at 54,110. Shanghai and Shenzhen ended down 0.33% and up 0.41%. In South Korea, Kospi was up 1.5% or 74 points.US benchmark crude slid $2, or 3.4%, to $59.75 a barrel. Brent crude, the global benchmark, fell $2.31, or 3.5%, to $64.21 a barrel.Shares of Toyota Industries rose 6.2% after reports said Toyota Motor had increased its buyout offer for the company to 18,800 yen ($118.61) per share. US futures were little changed. The future for the S&P 500 rose by less than 0.1%, while futures for the Dow Jones Industrial Average edged down by less than 0.1%.On Wednesday, Wall Street closed lower for a second consecutive session. The S&P 500 fell 0.5%, the Dow slipped 0.1%, and the Nasdaq composite dropped 1%.Losses were led by Big Tech stocks, even as most shares on Wall Street advanced. The sector came under pressure as investors pulled back from the artificial intelligence rally and amid warnings from some critics that valuations had become stretched. Nvidia shares declined 1.4%, while Broadcom fell 4.2%.Bank stocks also weakened. Wells Fargo sank 4.6% after reporting quarterly profit and revenue that missed expectations. Bank of America fell 3.8%, and Citigroup dropped 3.3%.Energy stocks provided some support to the broader market. Exxon Mobil gained 2.9%, and Chevron rose 2.1%.Investors continued to seek safe-haven assets as geopolitical uncertainties remained elevated. Gold prices slipped 0.8% on Thursday but stayed close to their previous record levels.In the bond market, the yield on the US 10-year Treasury fell to 4.14% from 4.18% late Tuesday, reflecting increased demand for safer assets. Bond prices move inversely to yields.In currency trading early Thursday, the US dollar strengthened to 158.63 Japanese yen from 158.46 yen. The euro weakened slightly to $1.1636 from $1.1645.
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