Connect with us

Tech

From sewer to furnace: How wastewater sludge is greening steel production

Published

on

From sewer to furnace: How wastewater sludge is greening steel production


Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

By turning wastewater sludge into biocoal and green hydrogen, EU researchers are helping reduce the steel industry’s environmental impact.

What comes out of our may not be very appealing, but the real problem is what is left behind after water treatment. Wastewater plants produce a liquid sludge that is usually dried and then burned or dumped. This is costly, polluting, and has long been considered wasteful.

A group of researchers see it differently. This sludge, they argue, could become an unlikely ally in the fight against climate change—a feedstock for producing the hydrogen and carbon needed to make greener steel.

“This sludge has value, it is not just waste,” said David Chiaramonti, professor of energy systems, energy economics and bioeconomy at the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy. “With it we can create things like carbon and hydrogen.”

Towards green steel

Chiaramonti is leading an EU research initiative called H2STEEL that brings together academics and steel industry experts from France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. Their goal is to design a process to extract the useful materials from wastewater sludge so that they can be reused and help reduce the steel industry’s emissions.

Steel production is essential for everything from airplanes and cars to buildings and wind turbines. It is also a major driver of climate change.

According to a 2023 report by the International Energy Agency, the steel sector alone accounts for 8% of global CO2 emissions. By comparison, the aviation industry emits about 2.5% of global CO2 emissions.

Cutting these emissions is particularly difficult. Steelmaking is complex and typically requires carbon-rich ingredients, which inevitably release greenhouse gases. That makes it one of the hardest industries to decarbonize—and one of the most expensive to transform.

Traditional methods face increasing carbon pricing pressures across Europe under the EU’s Emissions Trading System. According to market forecasts, carbon prices could reach €120–150 per metric ton of CO2 by 2030, potentially adding significant costs per ton of steel produced.

For a global steel market worth more than €2.5 trillion annually, finding affordable low-carbon alternatives is urgent.

Hot sludge

This is where H2STEEL comes in. “It’s a good example of the circular economy,” said Chiaramonti. “We take a little-used resource, wastewater sludge, and make it useful again.”

The process works in two main steps. First, sludge is heated without oxygen to create biocoal, in a process called “carbonization.” Then methane from biogas plants is processed using this biocoal as a catalyst to produce hydrogen.

During this process, the biocoal becomes even richer in carbon, making it valuable for steelmaking. Another by-product, phosphorus, is separated for use in fertilizers.

Both outputs—hydrogen and carbon-rich biocoal—could help make steel cleaner. Traditional steelmaking burns coal with iron ore, releasing CO2. With H2STEEL’s approach, hydrogen can replace some of that coal. Meanwhile, the biocoal substitutes regular coal, turning waste into a useful industrial input.

The team is now building a 4-meter-tall processing machine in Turin to demonstrate the technology. “We break the biomethane into carbon and hydrogen by using the carbonized sludge at 900°C,” explained Chiaramonti. “That’s how we turn it into biocoal and circular hydrogen.”

Carbon and hydrogen

Official results are not available yet for the project, which will finish in March 2026, but the potential is significant.

Decarbonizing steel is attracting intense research efforts, from electrical furnaces to hydrogen-based processes. H2STEEL’s sludge-based approach could slot into this wider transformation.

“This technology is very flexible,” said Jan Wiencke, team leader for sustainable carbon at steelmaker ArcelorMittal’s research center in Maizières, northern France.

Headquartered in Luxembourg, ArcelorMittal is the second-largest steel producer in the world.

The company is also a partner in the H2STEEL project and hopes to be able to use the technology being developed at their steel plants.

“Whether we use a hydrogen furnace or an electrical one, we will still need ingredients like carbon and in our processes,” said Wiencke.

“With this technology we can already reduce emissions now, and it will continue to be useful in the future.”

Other partners include Leiden University in the Netherlands and Imperial College London.

Next steps

One of H2STEEL’s biggest advantages is speed. If trials succeed, the technology could be rolled out within a few years—unusually fast in an industry where infrastructure changes often take decades.

Still, challenges remain. “We need to secure the , transform it, and deliver it to the steel plants,” said Chiaramonti. Setting up supply chains and minimizing costs will be crucial.

ArcelorMittal, which aims to be carbon neutral by 2050, is watching closely. “This is a great technology for the steel industry, but it must prove itself economically,” said Wiencke.

A patent is already pending, and the partners are eager to see results from the demonstrator. “What we’re doing looks very promising,” said Chiaramonti. “Now it’s a question of taking the last steps.”

If successful, H2STEEL could deliver more than a technical breakthrough. By turning waste into valuable raw materials, it embodies the principles of the circular economy, helping Europe stay competitive while moving closer to its net-zero goals.

Citation:
From sewer to furnace: How wastewater sludge is greening steel production (2025, November 13)
retrieved 13 November 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-sewer-furnace-wastewater-sludge-greening.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





Source link

Tech

Want to Stop Doomscrolling? You Might Need a Sleep Coach

Published

on

Want to Stop Doomscrolling? You Might Need a Sleep Coach


Margaret Thatcher, who was known for sleeping only four hours a night, is often credited with saying “Sleep is for wimps!” But sleep is actually work. Putting down the phone, setting aside personal or political worries—these require discipline. True relaxation calls for training.

Sleep coaches used to treat mainly newborns (and their exhausted parents). But recently, as anxieties about sleep have spiked, grown-ups have found they need help with their habits too. A Gallup poll from 2023 found that 57 percent of Americans think they would feel better with more sleep, up from just 43 percent in 2013. Only about a fourth of those surveyed reported getting the commonly recommended eight or more hours per night—down from 34 percent 10 years prior.

Sleep professionals are seizing the opportunity to help adults realize their dream of waking up rested. WIRED spoke to a sleep consultant who, after years of working with kids, tapped into that underserved population. She says it’s entirely possible to transform daytime and nighttime habits to optimize for good sleep. Why not start tonight?

Usually, an adult comes to me with one of two things: First, a major life event—work stress, having a baby, losing a parent, a relationship ending—that destabilizes their system. Sleep is always the first thing to go. The second is that they have a chronic pattern. There are people who’ve really struggled with sleep since childhood, and then it becomes a part of how they see themselves. They’ve tried everything, and then they say, “I’m an insomniac.”

In both cases, they’re exhausted. I always laugh, because when I’m cornered at a dinner party it’s like, “Oh, I just have a quick question. I haven’t slept through the night in 19 years.”

I’ve been a sleep consultant for over 20 years. I started my child sleep practice after getting my master’s in clinical psychology. I was working with a lot of parents, and I really started to notice a common issue: Their children’s sleep issues were literally pushing them to the brink of divorce.

Even once I got their kids to be fabulous sleepers, the parents were still struggling due to long-standing habits from way before their kids arrived. That’s when I realized I needed to help the adults too.

There are camps: trouble falling asleep or trouble waking up at night—or both. So that’s my job: to unravel that mystery of what’s keeping someone up at night. Some of the toughest cases are people who come in only focusing on their nighttime habits and don’t disclose things happening during the day.

One of my clients had trouble sleeping through the night for years. We realized that they consumed most of their calories at night, and nothing during the day. So they kept waking up to eat, and that completely dysregulated their system.

Another client, a woman who exercised all the time and drank 200 ounces of water a day, never made the connection that she was getting up to pee literally every hour. We had to diminish the amount of water she drank and have her stop drinking at a certain hour.

Sometimes people actually just stop functioning. I’m thinking about a mom who says, “I just forgot to clip my child’s seatbelt on in my car.” “I put my keys in the refrigerator.”

I start with the basics. Of course, we’re doing sleep hygiene, but that’s anything that you can Google: Get blackout shades, have a sleep sanctuary. Most people think they have a good setup, but their habits or their environment are working against them. That’s where coaching helps, because I can spot what they’re missing.

People have these stories that they’ve told themselves, like, “If I sleep, then I’m not working hard enough” or “I’m young and I don’t need that much sleep.” What’s the new story that you can tell yourself about sleep? From there, I use a lot of journaling, cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, mindset work, breath work.



Source link

Continue Reading

Tech

Maximize Your Gains With These New Year’s Resolution Deals

Published

on

Maximize Your Gains With These New Year’s Resolution Deals


New Year’s resolution season is in full swing, and you’ve officially made it past Quitter’s Day (the second Friday in January, when many people have given up on their resolutions). Maybe you want to exercise more often, or keep better track of your schedule, or hit a certain step goal, or drink more water. Whatever the habit you’re making or breaking, we’ve found some deals on WIRED-tested gear that can help you on your journey.

For more recommendations, check out our many buying guides, like the Best Reusable Water Bottles, the Best Fitness Trackers, and the Best Paper Planners.

WIRED Featured Deals:

Beats Powerbeats Pro 2 for $200 ($50 off)

The Beats Powerbeats Pro 2 are the best workout earbuds you can buy. This price matches the best deal we’ve seen, and every color (orange, lavender, black, and beige) is discounted. The design is supremely comfortable, they have great noise canceling and a transparency mode, and they last up to 10 hours depending on your noise-cancellation settings. There’s also a built-in heart rate monitor. These sleek buds have punchy sound and are compatible with iOS and Android devices.

BlueAnt

Pump X

Our favorite over-ears for the gym have cooling ear pads and great active noise cancellation.

Garmin Vivoactive 6 for $250 ($50 off)

Image may contain: Electronics, Screen, Computer Hardware, Hardware, Monitor, Wristwatch, Arm, Body Part, Person, and Baby

The Garmin Vivoactive 6 recently earned the top spot in our fitness tracker buying guide. It looks great on your wrist, and it plays well with both Android and iOS devices. Moreover, it’s accurate, and it has onboard satellite connectivity and a bright, easy-to-read AMOLED display. You’ll get a spate of fitness features, including blood oxygen monitoring, sleep tracking, heart rate and step counts, and fall detection. There’s an optional Connect+ subscription that costs $70 per year, but we don’t think you need it.

Fitbit

Ace LTE

We like this smartwatch for kids, and most important, our kids like it too.

Apple Watch Series 11 for $300 ($100 off)

The Apple Watch Series 11 finally has a full 24 hours of battery life, which makes it worth consideration if you’ve been in the market for an upgrade. It is both an excellent fitness tracker and smartwatch. It can track all sorts of stats, from the basics like steps and workouts to sleep, hypertension, and blood oxygen. It has been on sale at this price since the holiday shopping season, but it does tend to fluctuate back and forth, and we haven’t seen it sell for less than it is right now. For more recommendations, check out our Apple Watch Buying Guide.

Google

Pixel Watch 4

The best smartwatch for Android owners is repairable, sleek, and at a match of its lowest price.

Apple

Watch SE 3

This budget-friendly Apple Watch is still excellent for those that don’t need the latest and greatest features.

Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100 Percent Whey Protein Powder for $32 ($18 off)

  • Photograph: Boutayna Chokrane

  • Photograph: Boutayna Chokrane

Optimum Nutrition

Gold Standard 100 Percent Whey Protein Powder

Optimum Nutrition was having a “Quitter’s Day” sale this week, but the powder is also on sale at Amazon. This is the best protein powder overall. It delivers 24 grams of protein per serving, and it’s available in more than 20 flavors, so you should be able to find one that you like. (My favorite is Banana Cream, which tastes like a yellow Laffy Taffy, and WIRED editor Kat Merck’s favorite is Delicious Strawberry, but there are less adventurous options as well.) If you’re working on your gains this year, this is a solid deal worth considering.

Hydro Flask

Standard Mouth Water Bottle

This durable, double-insulated, and affordable water bottle is our top pick.

Hyperice

Hypervolt 2

This massage gun offers excellent value, especially with the discount.

Day Designer Daily Planner for $57 ($21 off)

Day Designer

Daily Planner

This planner has space for a typical calendar and a daily to-do list. Half of each page has blocks of time from 5 am to 9 pm, and you’ll also get a to-do list section and a “three most important things” section. It’s a bulky planner, but if you’re looking for space to fine-tune the minutiae of your day-to-day life, there’s room.

Amazon

Kindle Scribe (2nd Gen, 2024)

Want to read more in 2026? This digital notebook is a hybrid with e-reader functionality and a neat smart pen.

Dreamegg

Sunrise 1

Get better sleep this year with this affordable sunrise alarm, which can help you wake up feeling refreshed.


Power up with unlimited access to WIRED. Get best-in-class reporting and exclusive subscriber content that’s too important to ignore. Subscribe Today.



Source link

Continue Reading

Tech

These Open Earbuds Offer Active Noise Canceling

Published

on

These Open Earbuds Offer Active Noise Canceling


Like all open-ear earbuds, the OpenFit Pro have an airy and open soundstage that delivers a more natural listening experience than regular earbuds — it’s closer to the experience of listening to speakers. You can make them sound even more immersive by activating the confusingly named Optimized for Dolby Atmos mode. I say confusing because this mode is neither a replacement for Dolby Atmos nor is it strictly for use with existing Dolby Atmos content. It is essentially Dolby’s best earbud-based audio software, which combines spatial audio processing (for a wider and deeper soundstage) with optional head tracking. Both of these features will work with any content; however, Dolby claims it works best when you’re listening to Dolby Atmos content.

It’s the first time Dolby’s tech has been employed on a set of open-ear earbuds, and it’s a great match. It boosts the perceived width and height of the space, and does so without negatively affecting dynamic range or loudness, something that often plagues similar systems. And yes, the effect is more pronounced when listening to Atmos than when playing stereo content. I’ve used Dolby’s spatial tech on several products, including the LG Tone Free T90Q, Jabra Elite 10, and Technics EAH-Z100, and this is the first time I’ve enjoyed it enough to leave it enabled for music listening.

Still, it’s not as effective as Bose’s Immersive Audio on the Bose Ultra Open Earbuds. Bose’s head tracking is smoother—particularly noticeable when watching movies—and its spatial processing is more convincing and immersive for both music and movies.

Where Shokz enjoys a big leg up on Bose is the OpenFit Pro’s call quality. The OpenFit Pro’s mics do a great job of eliminating noises on your end of the call. You could be walking down a busy street, hanging out in a full coffee shop, or even passing by an active construction site, and your callers probably won’t have a clue you aren’t sitting on a quiet park bench. As with all open-ear earbuds, being able to hear your own voice naturally (without the use of a transparency mode) eliminates the fatigue normally associated with long calls on regular earbuds.

Comfortable Design

Photograph: Simon Cohen

Comfort is a key benefit of Shokz’s OpenFit series, and the OpenFit Pro, with ear hooks that are wrapped in soft silicone, are no exception. Unlike previous OpenFit models, which position speakers just outside your ear’s concha, the Pro’s speaker pods project directly into your ears, and in my case, they make contact with the inner part of that cavity. This significantly increases stability, but over time, I became aware of that contact point.

They never became uncomfortable, but it’s not quite the forget-you’re-even-wearing-them experience of the OpenFit/OpenFit 2/+ models. As someone who wears glasses, I tend to prefer clip-style earbuds like the Shokz OpenDots One, and yet the OpenFit Pro’s ear hook shape was never an issue. Shokz includes a set of optional silicone support loops, presumably for folks with smaller ears or who need a more stable fit. They didn’t improve my fit, but then again, I’ve got pretty big ears.

As with all hook-style earbuds, the OpenFit Pro charging case is on the big side. It’s got great build quality thanks to the use of an aluminum frame, and you get wireless charging (not a given with many open-ear models), but it’s still way less pocketable than a set of AirPods Pro.

Easy to Use

Image may contain Electrical Device Microphone Car Transportation Vehicle Electronics and Speaker

Photograph: Simon Cohen

For the OpenFit Pro, Shokz has finally abandoned its hybrid touch/button controls in favor of just physical buttons, and I think it’s the right call. You can now decide exactly which button press combos control actions like play/pause, track skipping, volume, and voice assistant access, a level of freedom that wasn’t available on previous versions.



Source link

Continue Reading

Trending