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Researchers develop hook-and-loop fastener for building components

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Researchers develop hook-and-loop fastener for building components


The hook element hooks into the component. Credit: IAT – TU Graz

An interdisciplinary research team at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) has developed a hook-and-loop fastening system for buildings in the ReCon project together with company partners. This allows different parts of a building to be resiliently connected and, if necessary, easily separated from each other.

The project’s focus was placed on the connection of components with different service lives, where irreversible connections usually make replacement difficult.

On the one hand, industrial hook-and-loop components were glued onto conventional concrete or wooden components and, on the other hand, the production of hook-and-loop components from the raw building materials concrete and wood, as well as from paper materials, were investigated.

Such hook-and-loop systems make it possible to properly separate durable load-bearing structures that are intended to last for decades from more short-lived elements such as installations, surfaces, floors or non-load-bearing interior walls.

In the ReCon project, the Institute of Architectural Technology, the Laboratory for Structural Engineering and the Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI) at TU Graz worked together with the companies Axtesys and NET-Automation.

Replacement of parts instead of demolition

“The central principle of ReCon is that buildings can be dismantled using clearly defined, separable interfaces,” says Matthias Lang-Raudaschl.

“This means that in the event of renovation or new use, only those components that are worn or need to meet new requirements need to be replaced. This considerably extends the overall service life of a building, as a simple replacement of parts is sufficient instead of demolition. This prevents a lot of construction waste and consumption of materials.”

The system developed with hook-and-loop components made from raw building materials works in the same way as a conventional hook-and-loop fastener—only on a slightly larger scale. Mushroom heads or hooks are incorporated directly into the components, in which hook-and-loop elements (specially produced using 3D printing) are firmly hooked.

The fastening systems developed in the project showed good adhesive tensile strength comparable to in tests in the Laboratory for Structural Engineering at TU Graz.

The hook-and-loop fastener developed is primarily intended for interiors, for example, to replace non-load-bearing wooden or plaster walls or parts with installations. The researchers hope to further increase the adhesive tensile strength by using or stamped metal for the hook-and-loop element instead of the 3D printing used in the project.

Digitization of parts data

In addition to the hook-and-loop system, the researchers in the ReCon project developed a concept for a digital application to facilitate the re-use of components. The aim was to contribute to an improved circular economy by making component data usable in the long term. There were two approaches here.

Firstly, they integrated RFID chips into the components, which means that the data stored on them—such as composition and installation date—can be read on site.

As an alternative, they investigated the direct writing or insertion of minimum data on the component in the form of QR codes on the respective element. This makes it possible to better assess the condition and potential pollutants of the component during dismantling using an ordinary smartphone, which makes re-use much easier and increases safety. For example, a testing laboratory can evaluate many risks if the year of manufacture of a construction product is known.

Exhibits from the ReCon project are currently on display as part of the special exhibition “More Than Recycling—The Exhibition on the Circular Economy” at the Vienna Museum of Science and Technology. The special exhibition lasts until the end of 2026.

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Don’t Buy Some Random USB Hub off Amazon. Here Are 5 We’ve Tested and Approved

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Don’t Buy Some Random USB Hub off Amazon. Here Are 5 We’ve Tested and Approved


Other Good USB Hubs to Consider

Ugreen Revodok Pro 211 Docking Station for $64: Most laptop docking stations are bulky gadgets that often require a power source, but this one from Ugreen straddles the line between dock and hub. It has a small, braided cable running to a relatively large aluminum block. It’s a bit hefty but still compact, and it packs a lot of extra power. It has three USB ports (one USB-C and two USB-A) that each reached up to 900 MB/s of data-transfer speeds in my testing. That was enough to move large amounts of 4K video footage in minutes. The only problem is that using dual monitors on a Mac is limited to only mirroring.

Photograph: Luke Larsen

Hyper HyperDrive Next Dual 4K Video Dock for $150: This one also straddles the line between dock and USB hub. Many mobile docks lack proper Mac support, only allowing for mirroring instead of full extension. The HyperDrive Next Dual 4K fixes that problem, though, making it a great option for MacBooks (though it won’t magically give an old MacBook Air dual-monitor support). Unfortunately, you’ll be paying handsomely for that capability, as this one is more expensive than the other options. The other problem is that although this dock has two HDMI ports that can support 4K, though only one will be at 60 Hz and the other will be stuck at 30 Hz. So, if you plan to use it with multiple displays, you’ll need to drop the resolution 1440p or 1080p on one of them. I also tested this Targus model, which is made by the same company, which gets you two 4K displays at 60 Hz but not on Mac.

Image may contain Electronics Hardware Router Modem Computer Laptop and Pc

Kensington Triple Video Mobile Dock.

Photograph: Luke Larsen

Anker USB-C Hub 5-in-1 for $20: This Anker USB hub is the one I carry in my camera bag everywhere. It plugs into the USB-C port on your laptop and provides every connection you’d need to offload photos or videos from camera gear. In our testing, the USB 3.0 ports reached transfer speeds over 400 MB/s, which isn’t quite as fast as some USB hubs on this list, but it’s solid for a sub-$50 device. Similarly, the SD card reader reached speeds of 80 MB/s for reading and writing, which isn’t the fastest SD cards can get, but adequate for moving files back and forth.—Eric Ravenscraft

Kensington Triple Video Mobile Dock for $83: Another mobile dock meant to provide additional external support, this one from Kensington can technically power up to three 1080p displays at 60 Hz using the two HDMI ports and one DisplayPort. It’s a lot of ports in a relatively small package, though the basic plastic case isn’t exactly inspiring.


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Trump’s War on Iran Could Screw Over US Farmers

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Trump’s War on Iran Could Screw Over US Farmers


Global oil and gas prices have skyrocketed following the US attack on Iran last weekend. But another key global supply chain is also at risk, one that may directly impact American farmers who have already been squeezed for months by tariff wars. The conflict in the Middle East is choking global supplies of fertilizer right before the crucial spring planting season.

“This literally could not be happening at a worse time,” says Josh Linville, the vice president of fertilizer at financial services company StoneX.

The global fertilizer market focuses on three main macronutrients: phosphates, nitrogen, and potash. All of them are produced in different ways, with different countries leading in exports. Farmers consider a variety of factors, including crop type and soil conditions, when deciding which of these types of fertilizer to apply to their fields.

Potash and phosphates are both mined from different kinds of natural deposits; nitrogen fertilizers, by contrast, are produced with natural gas. QatarLNG, a subsidiary of Qatar Energy, a state-run oil and gas company, said on Monday that it would halt production following drone strikes on some of its facilities. This effectively took nearly a fifth of the world’s natural gas supply offline, causing gas prices in Europe to spike.

That shutdown puts supplies of urea, a popular type of nitrogen fertilizer, particularly at risk. On Tuesday, Qatar Energy said that it would also stop production of downstream products, including urea. Qatar was the second-largest exporter of urea in 2024. (Iran was the third-largest; it’s also a key exporter of ammonia, another type of nitrogen fertilizer.) Prices on urea sold in the US out of New Orleans, a key commodity port, were up nearly 15 percent on Monday compared to prices last week, according to data provided by Linville to WIRED. The blockage of the Strait of Hormuz is also preventing other countries in the region from exporting nitrogen products.

“When we look at ammonia, we’re looking at almost 30 percent of global production being either involved or at risk in this conflict,” says Veronica Nigh, a senior economist at the Fertilizer Institute, a US-based industry advocacy organization. “It gets worse when we think about urea. Urea is almost 50 percent.”

Other types of fertilizer are also at risk. Saudi Arabia, Nigh says, supplies about 40 percent of all US phosphate imports; taking them out of the equation for more than a few days could create “a really challenging situation” for the US. Other countries in the region, including Jordan, Egypt, and Israel, also play a big role in these markets.

“We are already hearing reports that some of those Persian Gulf manufacturers are shutting down production, because they’re saying, ‘I have a finite amount of storage for my supply,’” Linville says. “‘Once I reach the top of it, I can’t do anything else. So I’m going to shut down my production in order to make sure I don’t go over above that.’”

Conflict in the strait has intensified in the early part of this week, as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have reportedly threatened any ship passing through the strait. Traffic has slowed to a crawl. The Trump administration announced initiatives on Tuesday meant to protect oil tankers traveling through the strait, including providing a naval escort. Even if those initiatives succeed—which the shipping industry has expressed doubt about—much of the initial energy will probably go toward shepherding oil and gas assets out of the region.

“Fertilizer is not going to be the most valuable thing that’s gonna transit the strait,” says Nigh.



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Google’s Pixel 10a May Not Be Exciting, but It’s Still an Unbeatable Value

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Google’s Pixel 10a May Not Be Exciting, but It’s Still an Unbeatable Value


The screen is brighter now, reaching a peak brightness of 3,000 nits, and I haven’t had any trouble reading it in sunny conditions (though it hasn’t been as sunny as I’d like it to be these past few weeks). I appreciate the glass upgrade from Gorilla Glass 3 to Gorilla Glass 7i. It should be more protective, and anecdotally, I don’t see a single scratch on the Pixel 10a’s screen after two weeks of use. (I’d still snag a screen protector to be safe.)

Photograph: Julian Chokkattu

Another notable upgrade is in charging speeds—30-watt wired charging and 10-watt wireless charging. I’ll admit I haven’t noticed the benefits of this yet, since I’m often recharging the phone overnight. You can get up to 50 percent in 30 minutes of charging with a compatible adapter, and that has lined up with my testing.

My biggest gripe? Google should have taken this opportunity to add its Pixelsnap wireless charging magnets to the back of this phone. That would help align the Pixel 10a even more with the Pixel 10 series and bring Qi2 wireless charging into a more affordable realm—actually raising the bar, which wouldn’t be a first for the A-series. After all, Apple did exactly that with the new iPhone 17e, adding MagSafe to the table. Or heck, at least make the Pixel 10a Qi2 Ready like Samsung’s smartphones, so people who use a magnetic case can take advantage of faster wireless charging speeds.

Battery life has been OK. With average use, the Pixel 10a comfortably lasts me a full day, but it still requires daily charging. With heavier use, like when I’m traveling, I’ve had to charge the phone in the afternoon a few times to make sure it didn’t die before I got into bed. This is a fairly big battery for its size, but I think there’s more Google could do to extend juice, akin to Motorola’s Moto G Power 2026.



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