Business
ADB investment puts Pakistan Railways back on track | The Express Tribune

KARACHI:
Pakistan’s railway sector, long described as the backbone of national connectivity, is again moving to the forefront of policy debates as the government turns to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for support.
Years of underinvestment, safety lapses, and the stalling of promised Chinese funds have left Pakistan Railways in a precarious state, forcing policymakers to look elsewhere. Officials confirm that Islamabad is seeking a $2 billion package from the ADB to begin long-awaited modernisation works, most notably on the Karachi-to-Peshawar Main Line-1 (ML-1) route.
The development comes at a time when fiscal pressures, declining freight revenues, and growing competition from road transport have left the railways struggling to perform their role as a cost-effective logistics provider.
Once considered a symbol of national pride, Pakistan Railways now carries around 70 million passengers annually but operates on outdated tracks and antiquated signaling systems. The freight side of operations, which used to generate the bulk of revenue in the 1960s, has collapsed to less than a tenth of overall business, pushing industry and traders onto highways.
This shift has come at a steep cost: logistics expenses in Pakistan are estimated to be about 35% higher than the South Asian regional average, eroding export competitiveness and putting pressure on sectors such as textiles and agriculture. The decaying system has also reduced safety, with derailments and breakdowns becoming more common, further weakening public trust in rail travel.
The ML-1 project has been on the table for years under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), initially tagged at $6.8 billion but now estimated to exceed $9 billion due to repeated delays and cost escalations. China had long been expected to bankroll the project as part of its Belt and Road Initiative, but its disbursements have slowed dramatically amid Pakistan’s worsening fiscal situation and Beijing’s own economic recalibrations.
The ADB’s decision to intervene, therefore, represents more than just a financial transaction. It reflects Islamabad’s growing reliance on multilateral lenders at a time when bilateral commitments have become uncertain. Analysts suggest the shift also diversifies Pakistan’s options and reduces overdependence on a single source of funding.
The proposed ADB package would target three areas: rehabilitation of ML-1 to allow faster and safer travel, development of a dedicated freight corridor to take pressure off highways, and the introduction of digital systems to monitor and secure railway operations. If executed properly, these changes could enable passenger trains to run at up to 160 kilometres per hour, cut travel time on key routes nearly by half, and encourage a revival of rail-based logistics.
Exporters, especially in the textile sector that accounts for nearly 60% of Pakistan’s exports, see in this a chance to reduce delays and cut costs associated with moving goods to Karachi Port. Improved connectivity between port cities and inland hubs such as Faisalabad and Multan could also enhance Pakistan’s role as a trade corridor linking South Asia with Central Asia.
Economists argue that the benefits go far beyond efficiency. Infrastructure investment of this scale has a multiplier effect, which generates tens of thousands of construction jobs and stimulates industries such as steel, cement, and services. A stronger railway backbone would also reduce the environmental toll of excessive trucking, lowering fuel consumption and emissions.
In a country where energy imports weigh heavily on the balance of payments, the savings could be significant. For passengers, meanwhile, modernised trains and safer systems would restore confidence in a service many have abandoned in favour of buses or private transport.
Pakistan’s external debt now exceeds $130 billion, much of it owed to multilateral lenders, and the repayment capacity remains a concern. While ADB loans are typically concessional, offering softer terms than commercial borrowing, they still require discipline in implementation.
Critics note that past railway projects have often been marred by inefficiency, corruption, and bureaucratic inertia. Without proper oversight and reform, there is a risk that even low-cost financing could add to the country’s debt burden without delivering transformative results. Transparency advocates are calling for the independent monitoring of funds to ensure they are not wasted.
China’s sidelined role also adds a geopolitical dimension. Over the past decade, Beijing has invested more than $25 billion in Pakistan, largely in energy and infrastructure, but its pace of financing has slowed markedly. Analysts attribute this partly to Pakistan’s fragile fiscal position, which increases repayment risks, and partly to China’s shifting global priorities as its own economy faces headwinds.
Some experts argue that China has not abandoned CPEC altogether but is recalibrating its involvement, focusing on selective projects while encouraging Pakistan to diversify its financing sources. In this context, the ADB’s re-emergence as a key financier could be seen less as a replacement and more as a complement to future Chinese investments.
There are lessons to draw. Bangladesh and India have both secured ADB support for rail and metro upgrades, with visible success in enhancing efficiency and safety. Pakistan has lagged behind, partly because of political instability and partly due to a centralised management structure that has resisted reform.
The ADB’s involvement might serve as leverage for Islamabad to introduce governance changes, open space for private sector participation, and embrace technology-driven solutions. Without such reforms, financial injections alone may not lead to the desired turnaround.
The writer is a member of PEC and holds a Master’s in Engineering
Business
Dhanteras turns record-breaking! Cars, electronics and jewellery see unprecedented demand; GST cuts, festive spirit fuel purchases – The Times of India

Dhanteras 2025 is turning into a record-breaking festival for Indian retailers, with strong demand across automobiles, electronics, and jewellery.Maruti Suzuki India expects to cross the 50,000-unit mark over the two-day festival, marking its highest-ever Dhanteras sales, said senior executive officer, marketing & sales, Partho Banerjee. “We are expecting around 41,000 deliveries today, with another 10,000 customers taking delivery tomorrow. This is going to be the all-time high for Dhanteras deliveries,” he told reporters. As per news agency PTI, Banerjee added that since the September 18 price reduction, the company has received nearly 4.5 lakh bookings, with small car bookings approaching one lakh units and retail deliveries reaching 3.25 lakh units in a month.Rival Hyundai Motor India Ltd MD & CEO designate Tarun Garg noted strong festive demand, with expected deliveries around 14,000 units, a 20 per cent increase from last year.“The positive momentum is driven by the festive spirit, a buoyant market environment and the encouraging impact of GST 2.0 reforms,” he said, as per PTI.Consumer electronics firms are also reporting a surge in sales. Panasonic Life Solutions director Sandeep Sehgal said large-screen TVs of 55 inches and above contributed to a 4K sellout growth of over 36 per cent from October 1 to 17, with overall TV and RAC sales expected to grow around 30 per cent compared to last year. Haier Appliances India reported strong demand for premium products such as large-screen TVs, side-by-side refrigerators, and front-load washing machines, with growth expected to exceed 50 per cent.The companies attributed the boost partly to the recent GST reforms, which reduced duties on electronics and essential goods, leaving more disposable income with consumers.Jewellery retailers also saw healthy festive sales, spanning investment-driven purchases above Rs 2 lakh to lightweight jewellery and gold coins, Tanishq senior vice president Arun said.Demand was robust across metros and Tier-2 and Tier-3 towns.Overall, the festival is witnessing an unprecedented consumer turnout, reflecting optimism fueled by GST rate cuts and the convenience of festive shopping across multiple categories, from cars and electronics to gold and jewellery.This year’s Dhanteras demonstrates a broad-based consumption surge, with both traditional purchases like gold and modern categories like automobiles and electronics benefiting from economic reforms and festive enthusiasm.
Business
Developing Rosebank oil field ‘pure climate vandalism’, Scottish Green insists

Scottish Greens will “call out the lies of big polluters”, co-leader Gillian Mackay said as she branded plans to develop the Rosebank oil field as “pure climate vandalism”.
Ms Mackay spoke out as demonstrators opposed to drilling the site gathered in London on Saturday.
Plans to develop the North Sea field – which is estimated to contain up to 300 million barrels of oil – have been submitted again by owners Equinor.
However, Ms Mackay told the Scottish Green Party conference in Edinburgh: “We have to be the party that calls out the lies of big polluters.”
Ms Mackay, who was elected co-leader with fellow MSP Ross Greer in August, told her fellow Scottish Greens: “Drilling for new oil and gas in fields like Rosebank will do nothing to lower energy bills or protect our planet.
“It is pure climate vandalism and we have to stop Rosebank.”
Development of the oil field, which lies 80 miles west of Shetland, had been approved by the Conservative government in 2023 but that decision was challenged in the courts in the wake of a Supreme Court ruling which said the emissions created from burning fossil fuels should be considered when granting permission for new drilling sites.
Her comments came as Zack Polanski, leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, insisted the UK is “one of the most nature depleted countries in the world”.
Addressing protesters in London, Mr Polanski said: “The very least this Government need to do is to stop making things worse.”
Ms Mackay also used her conference speech to hit out at the UK Government over the closure of Scotland’s only oil refinery in Grangemouth.
Hundreds of jobs were lost after owners Petroineos closed the refinery earlier this year, with Ms Mackay, who grew up in the area saying: “I’m sick of governments and corporations using tags like ‘just transition’ as a cheap slogan.
“What happened in Grangemouth is not a just transition.
“Our communities don’t need empty words, words don’t pay the bills, or put food on the table.
“They need real plans to provide real jobs and real opportunities.”
Ms Mackay insisted: “That site could have been saved. Labour promised to save it – they promised £200 million – and the message from the workers is clear: show us the money.”
She said that the Grangemouth plant “could have been nationalised”, adding: “We cannot leave the future of our communities in the hands of billionaires who are all too happy to abandon us when the money dries up.”
With the Scottish Greens having set the target of overtaking Labour in May’s Holyrood ballot, Ms Mackay said her party was “on the verge of a historic election” with the “chance to elect more green voices than ever before”.
She also told how the birth of her first child, Callan, in June meant she had “never felt more committed to building a greener Scotland”.
She joked that she was speaking at Saturday’s conference “in relatively one piece, without too much baby dribble on me” as she said the Green model, with two co-leaders at the helm, had allowed her to take on the challenge.
“In other parties there would have been a whole load of barriers to a new mum being elected to a leadership role,” Ms Mackay said.
“It is only because of our co-leadership model and the support of ordinary members, I have been afforded this opportunity.”
She continued: “The support I have had says something about our party and the values we stand for.
“When I think about the country I want us to be, it is one where we support each other, one where we lift each other up and one where we do things differently.”
Business
Zoho’s Sridhar Vembu Warns Of Massive Bubble In US Stock Market

New Delhi: Zoho’s Chief Scientist and Co-founder Sridhar Vembu on Saturday agreed with former IMF Chief Economist Gita Gopinath, regarding the huge economic bubble in the US stock market.
Vembu said that a systemic event like the global financial crisis of 2008-9 cannot be ruled out.
Zoho’s founder responded on social media platform X to Gopinath’s warning saying, “I agree with Dr Gita Gopinath. The US stock market is in a clear and massive bubble. The degree of leverage in the system means that we cannot rule out a systemic event like the global financial crisis of 2008.”
Vembu also warned that the gold price trend is indicative of a systemic financial risk.
“Gold is also flashing a big warning signal. I don’t think of gold as an investment, I think of it as insurance against systemic financial risk. Ultimately finance is all about trust and when debt levels reach this high, trust breaks down. I am sure AI will work hard to repay all the debt in the system,” his X post read.
His post tagged Gopinath’s warning which said that global exposure “to US equities is at record levels.”
“A stock market correction would have more severe and global consequences as compared to what followed the dot-com crash. The tariff wars and lack of fiscal space compounds the problem,” Gopinath said.
She urged for higher growth and returns across more countries and regions instead of a focus on the US, adding that the underlying problem is not “unbalanced trade” but “unbalanced growth”.
Earlier in the month, Gopinath said that US President Donald Trump’s tariff proposals acted as a tax on US consumers, raised inflation, and had no benefit to the American economy.
-
Sports1 week ago
Kamala Harris hosts WNBA player to discuss alleged conversation with league commissioner
-
Tech1 week ago
Men Are Betting on WNBA Players’ Menstrual Cycles
-
Business1 week ago
Consumer caution ahead of Budget drives drop in footfall – BRC
-
Business1 week ago
‘Need very badly’: Donald Trump announces Arctic cutters deal with Finland; US to buy 11 Icebreakers – The Times of India
-
Tech1 week ago
Size doesn’t matter: Just a small number of malicious files can corrupt LLMs of any size
-
Entertainment1 week ago
Prince Albert of Monaco leads the Monaco Explorations in the Aegean Sea
-
Business1 week ago
Delta says premium travel is set to overtake coach cabin sales next year
-
Fashion1 week ago
Alice + Olivia reopens Madison Avenue flagship