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Researchers release new standards for 3D printing with powders

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Researchers release new standards for 3D printing with powders


Laser-generated gold colloid. Credit: Dr. Anna Ziefuß

One of the most common industrial 3D printing processes is laser powder bed fusion. It is mainly used for complex, heavy-duty components in aerospace, medical technology, and toolmaking.

Over a period of six years, researchers led by the University of Duisburg-Essen have been working on improving processes and powders. The priority program Materials for Additive Manufacturing has now been successfully completed.

The results provide a unique reference for science and industry. They are freely accessible via data from an interlaboratory study and in a special issue of the journal Advanced Engineering Materials.

In (LPBF), a laser selectively melts thin layers of metal or polymer . This creates the component layer by layer. In order to systematically improve and standardize materials and additive processes, the German Research Foundation (DFG) established the priority program SPP 2122 in 2019.

Under the direction of Dr. Stephan Barcikowski, Professor of Technical Chemistry at the University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), more than 30 teams have since conducted research ranging from customized metal and polymer starting powders to functionalization with nanoparticles and detailed process characterization.

The interlaboratory study has resulted in the largest open dataset of its kind: 32 international laboratories produced, standardized, components from metallic and polymer powders—with and without nanoparticle modifications—in order to systematically compare the influence of material properties, machine parameters, and process control.

“The interlaboratory study is a milestone for science and industry, as it provides the first globally comparable data on highly complex manufacturing processes across different material classes,” says Dr. Anna Ziefuß, head of the Surface Chemistry and Laser Processing group at the UDE.

“The results of the study, together with the contributions in the special issue, provide insights into the entire process chain—from material design and particle properties to final component performance.”

Based on the results, reliable standards can be developed, processes optimized in a targeted manner, and new materials brought into application more quickly.

“Our goal was to present both fundamental understanding and practical solutions—and both completely open access,” says Ziefuß. This has been achieved: The data from the interlaboratory study will be available from November 11, 2025.

More information:
Ihsan Murat Kuşoğlu et al, Large‐Scale Interlaboratory Study Along the Entire Process Chain of Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Bridging Variability, Standards, and Optimization across Metals and Polymers, Advanced Engineering Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1002/adem.202402930

Ihsan Kuşoğlu et al, Booklet for Standard Operational Procedures of DFG SPP2122 Interlaboratory Study measuring the effect of nanoparticles on the entire PBF-LB process chain of AlSi10Mg and PA12, DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (2024). DOI: 10.17185/duepublico/82630

Stephan Barcikowski et al, DFG SPP2122 Interlaboratory Study Dataset, DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (2025). DOI: 10.17185/duepublico/82674

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Researchers release new standards for 3D printing with powders (2025, August 20)
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This Backyard Smoker Delivers Results Even a Pitmaster Would Approve Of

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This Backyard Smoker Delivers Results Even a Pitmaster Would Approve Of


While my love of smoked meats is well-documented, my own journey into actually tending the fire started just last spring when I jumped at the opportunity to review the Traeger Woodridge Pro. When Recteq came calling with a similar offer to check out the Flagship 1600, I figured it would be a good way to stay warm all winter.

While the two smokers have a lot in common, the Recteq definitely feels like an upgrade from the Traeger I’ve been using. Not only does it have nearly twice the cooking space, but the huge pellet hopper, rounded barrel, and proper smokestack help me feel like a real pitmaster.

The trade-off is losing some of the usability features that make the Woodridge Pro a great first smoker. The setup isn’t as quite as simple, and the larger footprint and less ergonomic conditions require a little more experience or patience. With both options, excellent smoked meat is just a few button presses away, but speaking as someone with both in their backyard, I’ve been firing up the Recteq more often.

Getting Settled

Photograph: Brad Bourque

Setting up the Recteq wasn’t as time-consuming as the Woodridge, but it was more difficult to manage on my own. Some of the steps, like attaching the bull horns to the lid, or flipping the barrel onto its stand, would really benefit from a patient friend or loved one. Like most smokers, you’ll need to run a burn-in cycle at 400 degrees Fahrenheit to make sure there’s nothing left over from manufacturing or shipping. Given the amount of setup time and need to cool down the smoker after, I would recommend setting this up Friday afternoon if you want to smoke on a Saturday.



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Make the Most of Chrome’s Toolbar by Customizing It to Your Liking

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Make the Most of Chrome’s Toolbar by Customizing It to Your Liking


The main job of Google Chrome is to give you a window to the web. With so much engaging content out there on the internet, you may not have given much thought to the browser framework that serves as the container for the sites you visit.

You’d be forgiven for still using the default toolbar configuration that was in place when you first installed Chrome. But if you take a few minutes to customize it, it can make a significant difference to your browsing. You can get quicker access to the key features you need, and you may even discover features you didn’t know about.

If you’re reading this in Chrome on the desktop, you can experiment with a few customizations right now—all it takes is a few clicks. Here’s how the toolbar in Chrome is put together, and all the different changes you can make.

The Default Layout

Extensions are always easily accessible in Chrome.

Photograph: David Nield

Take a look up at the top right corner of your Chrome browser tab and you’ll see two key buttons: One reveals your browser extensions (the jigsaw piece), and the other opens up your bookmarks (the double-star icon). There should also be a button showing a downward arrow, which gives you access to recently downloaded files.

Right away, you can start customizing. If you click the jigsaw piece icon to show your browser extensions, you can also click the pin button next to any one of these extensions to make it permanently visible on the toolbar. While you don’t want your toolbar to become too cluttered, it means you can put your most-used add-ons within easy reach.

For the extension icons you choose to have on the toolbar, you can choose the way they’re arranged, too: Click and drag on any of the icons to change its position (though the extensions panel itself has to stay in the same place). To remove an extension icon (without uninstalling the extension), right-click on it and choose Unpin.

Making Changes

Image may contain Text and Page

The revamped toolbar customization pane.

Photograph: David Nield

Click the three dots up in the top right corner of any browser window and then Settings > Appearance > Customize your toolbar to get to the main toolbar customization panel, which has recently been revamped. Straight away you’ll see toggle switches that let you show or hide certain buttons on the toolbar.



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The Piracy Problem Streaming Platforms Can’t Solve

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The Piracy Problem Streaming Platforms Can’t Solve


“The trade-off isn’t only ethical or economic,” Andreaux adds. “It’s also about reliability, privacy and personal security.”

Abed Kataya, digital content manager at SMEX, a Beirut-based digital rights organization focused on internet policy in the Middle East and North Africa, says piracy in the region is shaped less by culture than by structural barriers.

“I see that piracy in MENA is not a cultural choice; rather, it has multiple layers,” Kataya tells WIRED Middle East.

“First, when the internet spread across the region, as in many other regions, people thought everything on it was free,” Kataya says. “This perception was based on the nature of Web 1.0 and 2.0, and how the internet was presented to people.”

Today, he says, structural barriers still lead many users towards illegal platforms. “Users began to watch online on unofficial streaming platforms for many reasons: lack of local platforms, inability to pay, bypassing censorship and, of course, to watch for free or at lower prices.”

Payment access also remains a major factor. “Not to mention that many are unbanked, do not have bank accounts, lack access to online payments, or do not trust paying with their cards and have a general distrust of online payments,” Kataya adds.

Algerian students also share external hard drives loaded with television series, while in Lebanon streaming passwords are frequently shared across households. In Egypt, large Telegram channels distribute content across different genres, including Korean dramas, classic Arab films and underground music.

“We grew up solving problems online,” says Mira. “When something is blocked, you find a way around it. It’s … a fundamental human instinct.”

Streaming Platforms Adapting

Andreaux says StarzPlay has tried to address some of the payment barriers that limit streaming adoption in the region. “StarzPlay recognized early that payment friction was a regional barrier to adoption,” he says. “That’s why we invested in flexible subscription models and alternative payment methods, including telecom-led billing options that make access easier across different markets.”

At the same time, international media companies are working together to combat piracy through the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), a coalition of film studios, television networks and streaming platforms that targets illegal distribution of films, television and sports content. Its members include global companies such as Netflix as well as regional players like OSN Group, which operates the streaming service OSN+ across the Middle East and North Africa.
Kataya notes that legitimate streaming platforms are still expanding across the region. “The user base of official streaming platforms has been growing in the region,” he says. “For example, Shahid, the Saudi platform, is expanding and Netflix has dedicated packages for the region.”

“Other players, like StarzPlay and local platforms in Egypt, are also finding their place,” Kataya adds. “Social media also plays a huge role, especially when a film is widely discussed or controversial.”

Piracy carries legal and security risks, Andreaux says. “Rather than just ‘free streaming’, piracy exposes consumers to malware and insecure payment channels,” he says. “It also weakens investment in local content by depriving creators of revenue and reducing jobs.”

But the structural barriers described by users across the region remain. For many viewers in North Africa and the Levant, the challenge is not choosing between piracy and legality—it is whether legitimate access exists at all.



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