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US and Bangladesh strike new trade deal — key terms of the agreement – The Times of India

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US and Bangladesh strike new trade deal — key terms of the agreement – The Times of India


The United States and Bangladesh on Monday finalised the United States–Bangladesh Agreement on Reciprocal Trade, wrapping up negotiations as both countries stepped in to strengthen bilateral economic ties. Under the revised framework, Bangladeshi exports to the American market will attract a 19% tariff, marginally lower than the 20% imposed in August and significantly below the original reciprocal rate of 37%. The agreement was signed by US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer and Bangladesh’s Adviser for Commerce, Textiles and Jute, and Civil Aviation and Tourism, Sheikh Bashir Uddin, in the presence of Bangladesh Commerce Secretary Mahbubur Rahman and Assistant US Trade Representative Brendan Lynch.

Key terms of the agreement

  1. Perks for Bangladesh: Washington will reduce the reciprocal tariff imposed under Executive Order 14257 to 19% on Bangladeshi goods. In addition, selected products listed in Annex III of Executive Order 14346 will qualify for a zero-tariff rate. The United States has committed to creating a mechanism under which certain textile and apparel products from Bangladesh can qualify for a zero reciprocal tariff rate. Under this arrangement, a yet-to-be-finalised volume of garments and textile imports from Bangladesh will be allowed to enter the US at the reduced rate. The permitted volume will depend on Bangladesh’s imports of American textile inputs, such as US-produced cotton and man-made fibres, effectively tying the benefit to the level of US exports.
  2. Perks for US: Bangladesh will grant wide preferential entry to US industrial and agricultural products, covering chemicals, medical devices, machinery, automobiles and components, ICT equipment, energy supplies, soy items, dairy, beef, poultry, nuts and fruit.
  3. Both governments will seek to remove Bangladeshi non-tariff barriers affecting trade and investment. Measures include recognising vehicles meeting US federal safety and emission rules, accepting US Food and Drug Administration certificates and prior approvals for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, and ending import restrictions or licensing on US remanufactured products and parts.
  4. Bangladesh will enable trusted cross-border data flows, support a lasting WTO ban on customs duties for electronic transmissions, rely on science- and risk-based systems for safe American food and farm imports, open up the insurance sector, digitise customs and adopt sound regulatory practices.
  5. Commitments have also been made on labour. Bangladesh will act to uphold internationally recognised rights, prohibit imports made through forced or compulsory labour, amend legislation to secure freedom of association and collective bargaining, and tighten enforcement.
  6. Dhaka has pledged to maintain strong environmental safeguards, implement its environmental laws, improve trade facilitation at the border and tackle market distortions linked to subsidies and state-owned firms. Furthermore, the South Asian giant has committed to reinforce and apply comprehensive anti-corruption legislation.
  7. On intellectual property, Bangladesh will pursue tougher protection and enforcement, including ratifying or joining certain global treaties. It will also introduce provisions on geographical indications aimed at ensuring continued US market access, particularly for producers of cheese and meat that use common names.
  8. The two countries intend to align more closely on economic and national security matters, strengthening supply chains and innovation while working together against unfair trade practices, duty evasion, export control risks and by exchanging information on inbound investment.
  9. American agencies such as the Export-Import Bank and the US International Development Finance Corporation may, where eligible and in accordance with law, look at backing investment in priority Bangladeshi sectors alongside US private firms.
  10. The two countries also acknowledged recent and upcoming commercial agreements spanning agriculture, energy and technology. These include the procurement of aircraft, the purchase of around $3.5 billion worth of American agricultural commodities such as wheat, soy, cotton and corn, and energy imports estimated to be valued at $15 billion over the next 15 years.

Both sides said they would proceed promptly, following their respective internal processes, to complete formalities required for the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade to take effect.



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India opposes China-led IFD pact’s inclusion; flags risks to WTO framework and core principles – The Times of India

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March 28, 2026

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India opposes China-led IFD pact’s inclusion; flags risks to WTO framework and core principles – The Times of India


India on Saturday said it has strongly opposed the China-led Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) Agreement being incorporated into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) framework, flagging concerns over its systemic implications, PTI reported.The issue was raised at the ongoing 14th ministerial conference (MC14) of the WTO in Yaounde, Cameroon, where Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said such a move could weaken the institution’s foundational structure.“Incorporation of the IFD agreement risks eroding the functional limits of the WTO and undermining its foundational principles,” Goyal said in a social media post.“At #WTOMC14, drawing inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi ji’s philosophy of Truth prevailing over conformity, India showed the courage to stand alone on the contentious issue of the IFD Agreement and did not agree to its incorporation into the WTO framework as an Annex 4 Agreement,” he said.Annex 4 of the WTO Agreement contains Plurilateral Trade Agreements that are binding only on members that have accepted them, unlike multilateral agreements which apply to all members.Goyal said that as part of WTO reform discussions, members are deliberating on guardrails and legal safeguards for plurilateral agreements before integrating any such outcomes into the framework.“In view of the systemic issue at hand, India showed openness to have good faith, comprehensive discussions and constructive engagement under the WTO Reform Agenda,” he added.India had also opposed the pact during the WTO’s 13th ministerial conference (MC13) in Abu Dhabi.The Investment Facilitation for Development proposal was first mooted in 2017 by China and a group of countries that rely significantly on Chinese investments, including those with sovereign wealth funds. The agreement, if adopted, would be binding only on signatory members.



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Middle East crisis: Jubilant FoodWorks reports some Domino’s outlets affected by LPG shortage – The Times of India

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5 hours ago

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March 28, 2026

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Middle East crisis: Jubilant FoodWorks reports some Domino’s outlets affected by LPG shortage – The Times of India


Jubilant FoodWorks Ltd (JFL), which operates Domino’s Pizza and Dunkin Donuts in India, has reported constraints in LPG cylinder supplies across parts of its store network due to the ongoing West Asia war, according to ET.In a filing to the BSE, the company said, “Operational impact at this stage is limited and being actively managed. The company is taking several steps to conserve LPG and working overtime to move to alternate energy sources like electricity and piped natural gas (PNG).”It added that it is in continuous touch with oil marketing companies to track developments and respond to the evolving situation. “The company is in constant engagement with oil marketing companies (OMCs) to remain apprised of the latest developments and plan operational responses accordingly, given the rapidly evolving nature of the situation,” the filing said.The company noted that it is closely monitoring the situation as supply disruptions persist.The impact is being felt across the restaurant industry, with several chains facing similar challenges due to LPG shortages.On March 10, the National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI) had advised its five lakh members to consider shorter operating hours, reduce items requiring long cooking times or deep frying, and adopt fuel-saving measures such as using lids while cooking, in view of supply constraints linked to the Gulf war.



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Russia sells reserve gold for first time in 25 years to fund Ukraine war deficit: Report – The Times of India

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6 hours ago

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March 28, 2026

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Russia sells reserve gold for first time in 25 years to fund Ukraine war deficit: Report – The Times of India


Russia has begun selling physical gold from its central bank reserves for the first time in 25 years, as the government seeks to plug a widening budget deficit driven by sustained military expenditure, according to a report by Berlin-based news outlet bne IntelliNews.Regulatory data show that between 2022 and 2025, Russia sold gold and foreign currency worth over RUB 15 trillion ($150 billion), followed by an additional RUB 3.5 trillion ($35 billion) in just the first two months of 2026, the report noted. In January alone, the Central Bank of Russia sold 300,000 ounces of gold, followed by another 200,000 ounces in February.The move marks a significant shift in reserve management. Earlier, gold transactions were largely notional, involving transfers between the Ministry of Finance and the central bank without physical movement of bullion. In recent months, however, the central bank has started selling actual gold bars into the market.As a result, Russia’s gold holdings have declined to 74.3 million ounces, the lowest level in four years. The disposal of 14 tonnes in January and February is the largest two-month sale since the second quarter of 2002, when 58 tonnes were offloaded in a single tranche.The sales come as Russia’s fiscal position comes under increasing strain. The government ended 2025 with a budget deficit of 2.6 per cent of GDP, compared to an initial projection of 0.5 per cent, Berlin-based bne IntelliNews report noted. Economists estimate the actual deficit could be closer to 3.4 per cent, with some payments deferred to 2026 to limit the reported gap.Pressure on the budget has intensified as oil prices weakened in the second half of the year and US sanctions tightened, reducing the contribution of oil and gas tax revenues to about 20 per cent of total revenues — roughly half of pre-war levels.The decision to sell gold has also been influenced by the sharp rise in bullion prices to above $5,000 per ounce. This surge has pushed Russia’s international reserves to over $809 billion as of February 28, including around $300 billion of assets frozen in the West, according to the Central Bank of Russia. Of this, gold reserves alone are valued at about $384 billion.Russia currently holds more than 2,000 tonnes of gold, making it the world’s fifth-largest sovereign holder, according to World Gold Council data. The country had built up these reserves over the years to reduce dependence on dollar-denominated assets, especially after sanctions imposed following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and further tightened after the invasion of Ukraine in 2022.Since 2022, the Ministry of Finance has relied on multiple funding channels to manage budget pressures. These include drawing from the National Welfare Fund, which still holds around RUB 4 trillion, increasing issuance of domestic OFZ treasury bonds, and raising value-added tax rates, which account for about 40 per cent of government revenues.The shift to selling physical gold suggests that Russia is now tapping its liquid reserve buffers more directly, underlining the growing fiscal strain as the conflict in Ukraine continues into its fourth year.



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